basic science

Bone Biology and Metabolism

intermediate

6 min

28 marks

6 questions

Clinical Scenario

A 72-year-old female presents with a distal radius fracture after a fall from standing height. She has a history of previous vertebral compression fracture and takes no medications for bone health. Her DXA scan shows T-score of -3.2 at lumbar spine and -2.8 at femoral neck. She asks about treatment to prevent future fractures.

Laboratory results and DXA report are provided.

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Clinical image for Bone Biology and Metabolism

Source: Educational illustration of the bone remodeling cycle and RANKL/OPG pathway • OrthoVellum Educational Use

Questions

Question 1 (4 marks)

Describe the cellular components of bone and their functions. What is the RANK/RANKL/OPG system?

Question 2 (5 marks)

Explain the bone remodeling cycle. What factors regulate bone turnover?

Question 3 (6 marks)

Define osteoporosis. How is it diagnosed and classified? What are the risk factors?

Question 4 (5 marks)

What are the pharmacological treatment options for osteoporosis? Compare their mechanisms and evidence.

Question 5 (4 marks)

Describe the role of calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone in bone metabolism.

Question 6 (4 marks)

What are the implications for this patient? Outline your management plan.