Bone Biology
A 45-year-old man sustains a closed tibial shaft fracture treated with intramedullary nailing. At 3 months post-operatively, radiographs show callus formation bridging the fracture site with decreasing fracture line visibility. Regarding fracture healing:
Mark each as TRUE or FALSE
Secondary (indirect) fracture healing occurs through callus formation and is the predominant healing...
Primary (direct) fracture healing occurs when there is absolute stability and anatomical reduction w...
Callus formation indicates inadequate fracture stability and is a sign of impending nonunion; rigid ...
The inflammatory phase begins immediately after fracture and lasts 1-7 days; it involves hematoma fo...
Nonunion occurs when the healing process ceases without bony union; risk factors include smoking, di...
Answer the questions to see explanations
Click T (True) or F (False) for each option