Operative Procedures | 357+ Technique Guides

Operative Procedures Workbench - 357+ Surgical procedures

Comprehensive step-by-step operative procedure guides for advanced orthopaedic practice. Each procedure covers indications, patient positioning, key steps, structures at risk, closure, aftercare, and failure planning.

Arthroplasty — 61 procedures

adult-reconstruction (61 procedures)

Comprehensive Knee Osteotomy: HTO, DFO, and TTO - Surgical technique guide for knee realignment osteotomy — high tibial osteotomy (HTO), distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) and tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) — exposures, biplanar opening-wedge technique, the Fujisawa correction target and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Constrained Condylar Knee (CCK) Revision Arthroplasty - Operative technique for constrained condylar knee (varus-valgus constrained) revision arthroplasty — indications for collateral ligament incompetence or flexion-extension gap mismatch, deep medial parapatellar approach, tall post/box constraint mechanics, stem and cone fixation, complications and post-operative rehabilitation
Constrained Total Knee Replacement (VVC/CCK/Hinged) - Surgical technique guide for Constrained Total Knee Replacement (VVC/CCK/Hinged) - constraint selection, AORI bone loss reconstruction, enhanced exposure, popliteal vessel safety and revision cementation
Conversion THA (Failed Hip Fracture Fixation) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for conversion total hip arthroplasty following failed hip fracture fixation - evidence-based approach with detailed operative steps and complication management
Conversion THA after Failed Hemiarthroplasty - How to convert a failed hemiarthroplasty to a total hip arthroplasty — the posterior exposure laid out step by step, the stem-retention versus stem-revision decision (TAPER criteria), acetabular reconstruction for the eroded socket, and instability prevention with dual mobility. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Core Decompression — Femoral Head AVN - How to perform core decompression for pre-collapse (Ficat/ARCO I–II) femoral head osteonecrosis — the percutaneous lateral exposure through vastus lateralis step by step, biplanar-fluoroscopy trajectory to the anterosuperior lesion, the 5 mm subchondral safety margin, single-versus-multiple core choice and adjuncts (tantalum, vascularised fibula). advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Distal Femoral Osteotomy - How to perform a varus-producing distal femoral osteotomy for the valgus knee with lateral-compartment osteoarthritis — the lateral exposure step by step, opening- versus closing-wedge technique, CORA-based correction, fixation, rehabilitation, and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Free Vascularised Fibular Graft - Surgical technique guide for Free Vascularised Fibular Graft (FVFG) for large segmental long-bone defects and femoral-head osteonecrosis, including lateral leg approach, harvest, anastomosis, and fixation.
Girdlestone Resection (Excision) Arthroplasty of the Hip - Salvage procedure for the hip: indications, posterior or lateral approach, femoral head and neck excision at the intertrochanteric line, soft-tissue interposition, post-operative traction, functional outcomes, conversion considerations, and patient counselling
High Tibial Osteotomy - How to perform a high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for medial compartment osteoarthritis with varus malalignment — the medial opening-wedge exposure and biplanar osteotomy step by step, opening- versus closing-wedge decision, Fujisawa-point correction, rehabilitation, and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Hip Arthrodesis (Fusion) - Surgical technique guide for hip arthrodesis - a salvage fusion for the young, high-demand manual labourer with isolated end-stage unilateral hip arthritis: position of fusion, muscle-sparing technique, long-term adjacent-joint sequelae and conversion to total hip arthroplasty
Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty - Operative technique guide for metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty via the posterior approach — patient selection, femoral head preparation with retinacular vessel preservation, acetabular resurfacing, cementing technique, metal ion surveillance, and management of ARMD
Hybrid Total Hip Replacement (Cemented Stem, Uncemented Cup) - Operative technique for hybrid total hip arthroplasty using a cemented femoral stem and uncemented acetabular component — indications, posterior approach, third-generation cementing, press-fit cup fixation, complications and registry outcomes
Knee Arthrodesis - Surgical technique guide for Knee Arthrodesis (knee fusion)
Knee Synovectomy - Surgical technique guide for Knee Synovectomy (open and arthroscopic)
Management of Stiff Total Knee Arthroplasty - Comprehensive surgical technique for management of stiff TKA including MUA, arthroscopic lysis, and open arthrolysis
Minimally Invasive Posterior THA - Surgical technique guide for Minimally Invasive Posterior Total Hip Arthroplasty - advanced orthopaedic practice Orth exam preparation
Patellar Resurfacing in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty - Operative technique guide for patellar resurfacing during primary TKA — indications and evidence for routine versus selective resurfacing, native thickness measurement, composite thickness restoration, medialised patellar button, patellar tracking assessment with the no-thumb test, and management of complications including fracture, AVN, clunk and loosening
Patellofemoral Arthroplasty - Surgical technique guide for patellofemoral arthroplasty in isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis — indications, medial parapatellar approach, onlay trochlear design, component rotation, patellar resurfacing, outcomes and conversion to total knee arthroplasty
Periprosthetic Joint Infection — Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention (DAIR) - Operative technique for DAIR in acute periprosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee — the exposure, the mandatory modular exchange, the culture-first protocol, radical synovectomy, irrigation and antibiotic strategy, with the predictors of success versus failure. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Periprosthetic Joint Infection — One-Stage (Single-Stage) Revision - How to perform single-stage exchange revision arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection — the Endo-Klinik selection pillars, the posterior (hip) and medial parapatellar (knee) exposure laid out step by step, the mandatory re-draping protocol, antibiotic-loaded cement reimplantation, and the evidence versus two-stage exchange. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty - How to perform a primary total hip arthroplasty — the posterior (Moore/Southern) exposure step by step, cup and stem technique, the Lewinnek safe zone and capsular repair for dislocation prevention, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty - Standard Measured Resection Technique - Surgical technique guide for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty - Standard Measured Resection Technique
Primary Total Knee Replacement - Comprehensive Technique - How to perform a primary total knee replacement through the medial parapatellar approach — the exposure step by step, the tibial and femoral cuts, femoral rotation references, gap balancing, patellar resurfacing and cementation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Primary Total Knee Replacement (TKR) - How to perform a primary total knee replacement - the medial parapatellar arthrotomy step by step, measured-resection bone cuts, femoral rotation and soft-tissue gap balancing, and the evidence behind implant and fixation choices. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Revision THA — Cup-Cage Construct for Pelvic Discontinuity - Surgical technique for cup-cage reconstruction in revision total hip arthroplasty with chronic pelvic discontinuity and severe acetabular bone loss — Paprosky classification, extensile posterior approach, distraction technique, tantalum cup plus antiprotrusio cage, bone grafting, fixation principles, complications and outcomes
Revision THA — Femoral Impaction Bone Grafting - Operative technique for femoral impaction bone grafting in revision total hip arthroplasty for cavitary femoral bone loss — indications, defect containment, sequential graft impaction, polished tapered cemented stem, Exeter/Slooff technique, complications and outcomes
Revision TKA — Stems, Offsets and Metaphyseal Fixation Principles - Operative technique and fixation principles for revision total knee arthroplasty using stems, offset adapters, cones and sleeves — zonal fixation concept, diaphyseal engagement, joint line restoration and AORI defect management
Revision Total Hip Replacement - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Hip Replacement
Revision Total Hip Replacement - Acetabular Component - How to revise a failed acetabular component — the posterior exposure and step-by-step technique, mandatory infection workup, Paprosky bone-loss classification, defect-driven reconstruction (jumbo cup, augments, cup-cage, custom triflange), dual mobility for instability, and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Revision Total Hip Replacement - Femoral Component - Surgical technique guide for femoral-component revision total hip replacement - the posterior approach, the extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO), Paprosky-driven stem selection and diaphyseal fixation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Revision Total Hip Replacement for Aseptic Loosening - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Hip Replacement for Aseptic Loosening
Revision Total Hip Replacement for Recurrent Instability - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Hip Replacement for Recurrent Instability
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Aseptic Loosening - How to revise a loose total knee replacement for aseptic loosening — excluding infection, grading bone loss with the AORI classification, choosing constraint from ligament integrity, stemmed and cone reconstruction, and the extensile exposures that protect the extensor mechanism. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Revision Total Knee Replacement - Femoral Component - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Knee Replacement - Femoral Component
Revision Total Knee Replacement - Patellar Component (Resurfacing/Revision) - How to revise the patellar component in total knee arthroplasty — the medial parapatellar exposure step by step, the bone-stock-driven decision to resurface, augment, patelloplasty or patellectomy, the composite-thickness and no-thumb-tracking rules, intra-operative fracture management, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Revision Total Knee Replacement - Tibial Component - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Knee Replacement - Tibial Component with AORI classification, defect management, and constraint selection
Revision Total Knee Replacement (rTKR) - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Knee Replacement (rTKR)
THA Revision - Acetabular Component (Jumbo Cup/Augments) - Comprehensive surgical technique for revision acetabuloplasty using jumbo cups and augments for Paprosky II/IIIA defects with detailed operative steps, complications, and exam-focused clinical scenarios
THA Revision - Femoral Component (Extensively Porous Stem) - How to revise an aseptically loose femoral stem with an extensively porous-coated cylindrical stem and an extended trochanteric osteotomy — the posterior exposure step by step, the Paprosky femoral classification, the scratch-fit fixation principle, and global registry outcomes. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy - Comprehensive guide to the tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) for extensile exposure in difficult and revision total knee arthroplasty, extensor mechanism repair and patellofemoral reconstruction — the long, laterally-pedicled anterior tibial crest osteotomy, its step-by-step technique, fragment fixation, and complication avoidance. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
TKA Revision - Femoral Component with Sleeves - Comprehensive surgical technique for revision TKA with metaphyseal sleeves for AORI Type 2B/3 femoral bone defects - evidence-based approach for advanced orthopaedic practice
TKA Revision - Tibial Component with Cones - How to revise a total knee arthroplasty with a porous metal tibial cone for AORI Type 2B/3 bone loss — the extensile exposure and component removal, reaming to bleeding bone, press-fit cone and cemented baseplate technique, stem load-sharing, and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Hip Arthroplasty - Revision with Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy - Surgical technique guide for revision total hip arthroplasty with an Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy - the posterior approach and ETO exposure step by step, fragment blood-supply preservation, cement removal, cable fixation, stem selection by Paprosky grade, and protected weight-bearing rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Hip Arthroplasty - Two-Stage Revision for Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infection - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for two-stage revision THA for chronic periprosthetic joint infection with MSIS criteria, articulating spacer, high-dose antibiotic cement protocol, and reimplantation strategies
Total Hip Replacement - Cemented Femoral Technique (Modern 3rd/4th Generation) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for modern cemented femoral component insertion using third and fourth-generation cementing principles with detailed attention to canal preparation, retrograde cement insertion, and pressurization techniques for optimal fixation and long-term survival
Total Hip Replacement - Direct Anterior Approach (DAA) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Total Hip Replacement via Direct Anterior Approach - internervous plane between TFL and Sartorius - complete operative steps, danger zones, and exam-focused clinical pearls
Total Hip Replacement - Direct Lateral Approach (Hardinge/Transgluteal) - How to perform a total hip replacement through the direct lateral (Hardinge/transgluteal) approach — splitting the anterior third of gluteus medius and minimus in line with their fibres, reflecting the anterior abductor-capsule sleeve off the greater trochanter, and the meticulous transosseous abductor repair that determines outcome. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Hip Replacement - Posterior Approach (Kocher-Langenbeck Modified) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for total hip replacement via modified posterior approach, including enhanced soft tissue repair techniques, acetabular component positioning, and strategies to minimize dislocation risk
Total Hip Replacement - SuperPATH/SuperCAP Approach (Tissue-Sparing Posterior) - Surgical technique for SuperPATH / SuperCAP total hip replacement — the tissue-sparing 'micro-posterior' approach (Chow, Penenberg, Murphy 2011): the superior capsular window, the gluteus minimus to piriformis interval with external-rotator preservation, in-situ neck osteotomy and rapid recovery. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Hip Replacement Dislocation - Comprehensive Assessment and Management - Evidence-based surgical technique for managing THA instability through systematic assessment, component revision, dual mobility, and soft tissue reconstruction
Total Hip Replacement with Ceramic Bearing Surfaces - How to perform a total hip replacement with a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing for the young, active patient — the posterior (Moore/Southern) exposure laid out step by step, precision acetabular positioning in the Lewinnek zone, clean-and-dry taper impaction of the ceramic head, and the squeak/fracture pitfalls. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Hip Replacement with Dual Mobility Cup - How to perform a total hip replacement with a dual mobility cup — the posterior exposure step by step, acetabular preparation and rim assessment, the monoblock versus modular construct, mobile liner and head assembly, intraprosthetic dislocation prevention, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Knee Arthroplasty - Cemented - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for cemented total knee arthroplasty including medial parapatellar approach, gap balancing, femoral rotation principles, and complication management - advanced orthopaedic practice
Total Knee Arthroplasty - Medial Parapatellar Approach - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for total knee arthroplasty using the medial parapatellar approach — the exposure laid out step by step, femoral rotation landmarks, gap balancing, third-generation cement technique, danger zones, registry survivorship and exam pearls. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Knee Arthroplasty for Valgus Deformity - How to perform a total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee — the medial versus lateral (Keblish) exposure, the gap-driven lateral release sequence (Whiteside), the Krackow anatomic classification, soft-tissue balancing, and constraint selection. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Knee Replacement Instability - Assessment and Constraint Ladder Management - Comprehensive surgical technique for assessing and managing TKR instability using the constraint ladder approach, from posterior-stabilized to rotating hinge prostheses
Two-Stage Exchange for Infected TKA - Complete surgical technique for two-stage revision arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection of TKA including diagnosis, Stage 1 explantation with antibiotic spacer, Stage 2 reimplantation criteria, and antibiotic protocols for advanced orthopaedic practice Orth exam preparation
Two-Stage Revision THA - Stage 1: Antibiotic Cement Spacer Insertion - Comprehensive surgical technique for stage 1 two-stage revision THA with an antibiotic cement spacer for periprosthetic joint infection and advanced orthopaedic practice
Two-Stage Revision TKA - Stage 1: Antibiotic Cement Spacer Insertion - Comprehensive surgical technique for stage 1 two-stage revision TKA with an antibiotic cement spacer for periprosthetic knee infection and advanced orthopaedic practice
Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (UKR/Oxford) - Surgical technique for unicompartmental (Oxford) knee replacement — patient selection and the intact-ACL rule, the minimally invasive medial exposure, minimal tibial resection, mobile-bearing balance, and complication management. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.

Trauma — 56 procedures

trauma (56 procedures)

Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Anterior Column - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Anterior Column Acetabular Fracture ORIF via the ilioinguinal and anterior intrapelvic (modified Stoppa) approaches - global orthopaedic fellowship exam preparation (advanced orthopaedic practice, DNB)
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Both Column - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for both-column acetabular fracture ORIF with secondary congruence concepts and combined approaches for advanced orthopaedic practice
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Comprehensive Approach Selection - Comprehensive guide to surgical approach selection for acetabular fractures based on the Judet-Letournel classification for advanced orthopaedic practice
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Ilioinguinal Approach - Complete surgical technique guide for the ilioinguinal approach to acetabular fractures - the three-window anterior approach for anterior column, anterior wall, and both-column fracture patterns. advanced orthopaedic practice.
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Kocher-Langenbeck Approach - Complete surgical technique guide for the Kocher-Langenbeck posterior approach to acetabular fractures - the workhorse approach for posterior wall, posterior column, and transverse fracture patterns. advanced orthopaedic practice.
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Posterior Column/Wall - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for posterior column and posterior wall acetabular fracture ORIF via the Kocher-Langenbeck approach for advanced orthopaedic practice
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Posterior Wall - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for posterior wall acetabular fracture ORIF via the Kocher-Langenbeck approach for advanced orthopaedic practice
Ankle Fracture ORIF - Weber B/C Fibula with Medial Malleolus - How to perform ORIF of a Weber B/C fibula fracture with a medial malleolus fracture — the lateral fibular and medial malleolar exposures laid out step by step, fibular length and rotation, syndesmotic assessment (Cotton and Hook tests), and the medial malleolar fixation decision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Antegrade Femoral Nailing (Piriformis vs Trochanteric Entry) - Surgical technique guide for antegrade intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft and subtrochanteric fractures - piriformis fossa versus greater trochanter tip entry, reduction, locking, malrotation, AVN and timing in polytrauma
Both-Bone Forearm Diaphyseal ORIF (Radius & Ulna) - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of adult both-bone forearm diaphyseal fractures - restoring the radial bow and interosseous space, Henry vs Thompson approaches, PIN protection, Galeazzi and Monteggia, and radioulnar synostosis prevention
Brachial Plexus Exploration and Reconstruction - Operative technique for exploration and reconstruction of traumatic brachial plexus injuries — supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches, root avulsion versus rupture differentiation, nerve grafting, and transfers including spinal accessory, Oberlin, and intercostal procedures
Coronoid Process Fracture Fixation - Operative technique guide for coronoid process fracture fixation — Regan-Morrey and O'Driscoll classifications, anteromedial facet buttress restoration, Hotchkiss medial approach, suture lasso versus plate fixation, elbow stability reconstruction after terrible triad injuries
Distal Femur Fracture ORIF (Isolated, Non-Periprosthetic) - Surgical technique guide for open reduction internal fixation of distal femur fractures - AO/OTA 33 classification, deforming forces, lateral locking plate, retrograde nail, dual plating, articular reduction and the nonunion problem
Distal Radius External Fixation (Spanning and Non-Spanning) - Operative technique guide for spanning and non-spanning external fixation of distal radius fractures — indications, ligamentotaxis principles, pin placement, frame construction, danger structures, over-distraction avoidance, and post-operative care
Distal Radius ORIF with Volar Locking Plate - Comprehensive operative technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures using a volar locking plate — indications, modified Henry approach, step-by-step reduction and fixation, DRUJ assessment, complications and rehabilitation
Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) for Intertrochanteric Fracture - How to fix an intertrochanteric femur fracture with a dynamic hip screw — the direct lateral exposure laid out step by step, the tip-apex distance rule, the DHS-versus-nail decision, and aftercare. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Exchange Intramedullary Nailing for Long-Bone Nonunion - Operative technique for exchange intramedullary nailing in aseptic diaphyseal nonunion of the femur and tibia — indications, reaming strategy, dynamic versus static fixation, adjuncts, complications and salvage
External Fixation Principles (Damage Control, Monolateral, Ring/Ilizarov) - Principles of external fixation for the advanced orthopaedic practice - damage control orthopaedics, frame biomechanics, monolateral and circular (Ilizarov) fixators, distraction osteogenesis, pin-site care and conversion to definitive fixation
Femoral Neck Fracture - Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) Fixation - Surgical technique guide for Femoral Neck Fracture - Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) Fixation
Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for cemented hip hemiarthroplasty in displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures — the posterior (Moore/Southern) exposure step by step, third-generation cementing, enhanced soft-tissue repair, and the hemi-versus-THA decision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Humeral Shaft Fracture Fixation (Plating vs Nailing) - Surgical technique guide for humeral shaft fracture fixation - operative versus conservative (Sarmiento bracing) decision-making, anterolateral/posterior/MIPO approaches, radial nerve protection, and compression plating versus intramedullary nailing
Iliosacral (Sacroiliac) Screw Fixation - Percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation for posterior pelvic ring injuries — sacral fractures and sacroiliac joint disruptions; fluoroscopic corridor anatomy, dysmorphic sacrum recognition, nerve-root and vascular danger zones, step-by-step percutaneous technique, trans-sacral screws, and post-operative rehabilitation
Lower Leg Compartment Fasciotomy - Surgical technique guide for two-incision fasciotomy in acute compartment syndrome of the leg — four-compartment decompression, superficial peroneal nerve protection, delayed closure or skin grafting
Masquelet Induced-Membrane Technique for Segmental Bone Loss - Two-stage induced-membrane technique for critical-size segmental bone defects from trauma, infection or tumour resection — radical debridement, PMMA spacer induction, membrane preservation and autograft reconstruction
Neck of Femur Fractures - Dynamic Hip Screw and Cannulated Screws - Surgical technique guide for Neck of Femur Fractures - Dynamic Hip Screw and Cannulated Screws
Open Fracture Debridement and Management - Comprehensive operative technique guide for open long-bone fracture debridement, Gustilo-Anderson classification, timing of antibiotics and surgery, damage-control stabilisation, orthoplastic soft-tissue coverage and staged reconstruction
Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Radial Head Fracture - Surgical technique guide for Open Reduction Internal Fixation of a Radial Head Fracture — the lateral Kocher approach step by step, the safe zone for hardware, PIN protection by supination, fixation choice, the terrible triad and Essex-Lopresti decision, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
ORIF Distal Humerus Fracture - Olecranon Osteotomy Approach - How to fix a displaced bicolumnar distal humerus fracture through a posterior approach with a chevron olecranon osteotomy — the exposure laid out step by step, articular-first reduction, parallel versus 90-90 plating, ulnar nerve management, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
ORIF Supracondylar Fracture Humerus - Paediatric - Surgical technique guide for ORIF Supracondylar Fracture Humerus - Paediatric
Osteomyelitis — Surgical Debridement and Dead-Space Management - Comprehensive operative technique guide for radical surgical debridement of chronic osteomyelitis, Cierny-Mader staging, sequestrectomy to paprika sign, deep cultures, antibiotic-loaded carriers, dead-space management, Masquelet reconstruction, flap coverage and targeted antimicrobial therapy
Paediatric Ankle Fractures - Salter-Harris ORIF - Surgical technique guide for Paediatric Ankle Fractures - Salter-Harris ORIF
Paediatric Monteggia Fracture Dislocation - ORIF Ulna & Radial Head Reduction - Surgical technique guide for Paediatric Monteggia Fracture Dislocation - ORIF Ulna & Radial Head Reduction
Patella ORIF — Tension Band and Screw Fixation - Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced transverse patellar fractures using modified anterior tension band wiring or cannulated screw tension band constructs — indications, midline anterior approach, articular reduction, fixation techniques, complications and rehabilitation
Pelvic Ring External Fixation - Operative technique guide for temporary and definitive external fixation of unstable pelvic ring injuries — indications, supra-acetabular and iliac crest pin corridors, frame constructs, damage-control principles, and transition to definitive internal fixation
Perilunate Dislocation — Open Reduction and Internal Fixation - Combined dorsal and volar approach for perilunate and lunate dislocations — Mayfield staging, median nerve decompression, scaphoid fixation, interosseous ligament repair, and post-operative rehabilitation
Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture — Vancouver Classification & Management - How to operate on a periprosthetic femoral fracture around a hip stem using the Vancouver classification — stem stability assessment, the posterior/extended-trochanteric-osteotomy exposure, ORIF of a B1 versus revision of a B2/B3, with a brief account of periprosthetic distal femur fractures around a knee replacement. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Pilon (Distal Tibia) Fracture ORIF — Staged Management - Surgical technique guide for staged management of pilon (distal tibial plafond) fractures - spanning external fixation, soft-tissue timing, definitive ORIF, articular reduction principles and complication avoidance
Posterior Pelvic Ring ORIF (Sacral and Crescent Fractures) - Open reduction and internal fixation of the posterior pelvic ring for sacral fractures, crescent iliac fractures and SI joint disruptions — posterior and anterior approaches, reduction techniques, spinopelvic fixation and complication management
Proximal Femoral Nail (Cephalomedullary Nail) for Intertrochanteric Fracture - How to perform cephalomedullary nailing for an intertrochanteric (peritrochanteric) hip fracture — the fracture-table set-up, percutaneous greater-trochanter entry and the step-by-step nail and cephalic-screw technique, the tip-apex distance rule, short-versus-long nail selection, and the prevention of cut-out. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Humerus Fracture - Plating vs Hemiarthroplasty - Operative guide for proximal humerus fracture fixation - the deltopectoral exposure laid out step by step, ORIF locking-plate technique versus hemiarthroplasty and reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Humerus Intramedullary Nailing - Surgical technique guide for antegrade intramedullary nailing of proximal humeral and surgical neck fractures — anterosuperior deltoid-split approach, straight-nail entry biomechanics, proximal and distal locking, tuberosity fixation, and post-operative rehabilitation
Proximal Humerus ORIF with Locking Plate - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures using precontoured locking plates — deltopectoral approach, tuberosity reduction, calcar support, axillary nerve protection, and post-operative rehabilitation
Retrograde Femoral Nailing - Surgical technique guide for Retrograde Femoral Nailing
Retrograde Superior Pubic Ramus Screw Fixation - Surgical technique for percutaneous retrograde medullary superior pubic ramus screw fixation of anterior pelvic ring injuries - corridor planning, multiplanar fluoroscopy, danger structures and combined ring fixation
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fracture - Surgical technique guide for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty as primary treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients — indications, deltopectoral approach, glenoid and humeral preparation, tuberosity reconstruction, complications and outcomes
Septic Arthritis — Arthroscopic Washout and Debridement - Arthroscopic irrigation and debridement for native-joint septic arthritis of the knee, shoulder, hip and ankle — emergency management, portals, synovectomy technique, repeat washouts, role of open arthrotomy, antibiotic strategy, complications and rehabilitation
Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty for Acute Proximal Humerus Fracture - How to perform hemiarthroplasty for an acute 3- or 4-part proximal humerus fracture in the elderly patient — the extensile deltopectoral exposure step by step, prosthetic height determination using the pectoralis major landmark, tuberosity fixation with bone graft and heavy sutures, aftercare, and the modern shift to reverse shoulder arthroplasty. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture Fixation - Surgical technique guide for fixation of subtrochanteric femoral fractures using cephalomedullary nailing, including Russell-Taylor classification, deformity correction, reduction techniques, implant selection, management of atypical bisphosphonate-related fractures, and prophylactic fixation of impending lesions
Supracondylar Femur Fracture (Periprosthetic) - ORIF - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for periprosthetic supracondylar femur fracture ORIF with component stability assessment and bridging plate fixation for advanced orthopaedic practice
Supracondylar Humerus Fracture - Closed Reduction Percutaneous Pinning - How to perform closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire pinning of a displaced pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture — the reduction maneuver step by step, the lateral-entry versus crossed-pin decision, ulnar-nerve protection, and the pink pulseless hand. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Symphysis Pubis Plating (Anterior Pelvic Ring ORIF) - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of the pubic symphysis with anterior plating in open-book and combined pelvic ring injuries — Pfannenstiel approach, corona mortis protection, reduction techniques, plate selection, and the critical role of posterior ring stabilisation
Talar Neck and Body Fracture ORIF - Open reduction and internal fixation of talar neck and body fractures — dual-incision approach, Hawkins classification, retrograde blood supply, AVN risk, anatomic reduction to prevent varus malunion, lag-screw and plate fixation, post-traumatic arthritis
Terrible Triad ORIF - Elbow Dislocation with Radial Head and Coronoid Fractures - How to reconstruct the terrible triad elbow injury — the lateral Kocher exposure step by step, the mandatory coronoid-then-radial-head-then-LCL sequence, the ORIF-versus-replacement and overstuffing decisions, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tibial Intramedullary Nailing - How to perform reamed locked intramedullary nailing of the tibial shaft — infrapatellar versus suprapatellar entry, the correct start point, reamed versus unreamed nailing, blocking (Poller) screws, distal interlocking and fibular fixation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tibial Plateau Fracture ORIF - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures - Schatzker and three-column classification, staged management of high-energy injuries, compartment syndrome and vascular assessment, anterolateral and posteromedial approaches, articular reduction and buttress fixation
Transverse Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Surgical technique guide for Transverse Acetabular Fracture ORIF

Spine — 28 procedures

spine (28 procedures)

Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion - Surgical technique guide for anterior cervical corpectomy and strut reconstruction for multilevel retrovertebral cord compression — Smith-Robinson approach, vertebral body resection, strut grafting or expandable cage, anterior plating, and multilevel considerations
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) - Single Level - How to perform a single-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) — the Smith-Robinson approach step by step, the avascular plane medial to the carotid sheath, complete discectomy with PLL removal, cage plus anterior plate fixation, and the structures at risk in each layer. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) - Comprehensive operative technique guide for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) at L4-L5 and L5-S1 — left retroperitoneal exposure, great-vessel mobilisation, superior hypogastric plexus protection, lordotic cage selection, fixation options, complication avoidance and post-operative rehabilitation
Anterior Odontoid Screw Fixation - Surgical technique guide for anterior odontoid (dens) screw fixation of Type II and high Type III odontoid fractures — indications, biplanar fluoroscopic trajectory, Smith-Robinson approach, lag screw placement, transverse ligament assessment and conversion criteria to posterior C1-C2 fusion
Balloon Kyphoplasty - How to perform balloon kyphoplasty for a painful vertebral compression fracture — bilateral transpedicular cannulation under biplanar fluoroscopy, cavity creation with the inflatable bone tamp, and low-pressure high-viscosity PMMA cement delivery for height restoration and kyphosis correction. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
C1-C2 Posterior Fusion (Harms/Goel-Harms Technique) - Surgical technique guide for C1-C2 Posterior Fusion (Harms/Goel-Harms Technique)
Cauda Equina Decompression - Emergency posterior lumbar decompression for cauda equina syndrome — the midline exposure and step-by-step laminectomy, the timing-of-surgery evidence across CES-R and CES-I, dural tear and wrong-level avoidance, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty (Total Disc Replacement) - Operative technique guide for cervical total disc arthroplasty as a motion-preserving alternative to ACDF for single- or two-level cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy from soft-disc herniation
Cervical Laminoplasty (Open-Door and French-Door) - Operative technique guide for open-door and French-door cervical laminoplasty in multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy and OPLL — canal expansion, hinge creation, mini-plate fixation, C2/C7 muscle preservation, C5 palsy prevention
Cervical Spinal Fusion (ACDF) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) - evidence-based approach for cervical degenerative disease
Cranial Tongs & Halo Application (Cervical Traction and Halo-Vest Immobilisation) - Surgical technique guide for Gardner-Wells tongs cervical traction and halo ring-vest immobilisation - pin safe zones, traction protocols, torque specifications, paediatric considerations and complication management
Lumbar Decompression for Spinal Stenosis - Surgical technique guide for Lumbar Decompression for Spinal Stenosis
Microscopic Lumbar Discectomy - How to perform a microscopic lumbar discectomy for a symptomatic disc herniation — prone positioning with a free abdomen, three-point level verification, the unilateral interlaminar exposure, thin-bone-then-Kerrison laminotomy, limited discectomy with mandatory foramen exploration, and recognition of the postoperative epidural haematoma. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Muscular Dystrophy Scoliosis - Posterior Spinal Fusion (T2-Pelvis) - Surgical technique guide for Muscular Dystrophy Scoliosis - Posterior Spinal Fusion (T2-Pelvis)
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty - Operative technique guide for percutaneous vertebroplasty in painful osteoporotic and selected pathological vertebral compression fractures — patient selection, transpedicular approach, PMMA cement injection under continuous fluoroscopy, cement leak detection and management
Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy (Keyhole) - Surgical technique guide for posterior cervical keyhole foraminotomy — open and minimally invasive tubular approaches for unilateral cervical radiculopathy, facet-preserving nerve root decompression, step-by-step operative technique, indications, complications and contrast with ACDF
Posterior Cervical Laminectomy - Surgical technique guide for Posterior Cervical Laminectomy
Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion for multilevel cervical myelopathy
Posterior Lumbar Decompression and Fusion (PLDF) - How to perform posterior lumbar decompression and instrumented fusion — the prone midline exposure step by step, pedicle screw insertion at the Magerl point with five-wall probing, the decompression-versus-fusion decision, dural tear management and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) - Operative technique guide for posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) — indications, posterior midline approach, wide laminectomy with bilateral facetectomy, thecal sac retraction, endplate preparation, dual cage insertion, pedicle screw-rod fixation, complications and post-operative rehabilitation
Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (PSF) - Surgical technique guide for Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (PSF)
Spinal Epidural Abscess — Surgical Decompression - Surgical technique guide for emergency decompression of a spinal epidural abscess — posterior laminectomy for dorsal collections, anterior debridement for ventral pus with vertebral osteomyelitis, indications, instrumentation, complications and post-operative rehabilitation
Spinal Osteotomy Techniques: PSO, VCR, and SPO - How to perform three-column spinal osteotomies for fixed deformity — Smith-Petersen (SPO), pedicle subtraction (PSO) and vertebral column resection (VCR) — with the posterior exposure laid out step by step, osteotomy selection, complications and the structured response to a neuromonitoring change. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Spinal Tuberculosis — Debridement and Fusion - How to perform radical anterior debridement, anterior column reconstruction and posterior instrumented fusion for Pott disease of the spine — indications, approach selection, step-by-step operative technique, graft and cage options, complications and post-operative management. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Spine Tumour Decompression and Stabilization - Surgical technique guide for metastatic spinal cord compression and primary spine tumour surgery - posterior decompression, separation surgery and pedicle-screw stabilization. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Spinopelvic Dissociation - Lumbopelvic Fixation - Comprehensive surgical technique for lumbopelvic fixation in spinopelvic dissociation - posterior instrumentation for U-type and H-type sacral fractures with Denis zone III involvement
Spondylolisthesis Reduction and Fusion - Surgical technique guide for instrumented reduction and fusion of high-grade isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis — posterior approach, wide decompression, pedicle-screw instrumentation, gradual slip reduction, interbody support and L5 nerve-root protection
Thoracic Disc Herniation — Discectomy - Surgical technique guide for discectomy in thoracic disc herniation — approach selection by herniation location, posterolateral (transpedicular/costotransversectomy), lateral extracavitary and transthoracic approaches, cord protection, level localisation, and management of calcified discs

Hand & Wrist — 42 procedures

hand (42 procedures)

Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN) Exploration and Decompression - Surgical technique for anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) exploration and decompression in the proximal forearm — the lazy-S volar exposure to the median nerve and AIN step by step, FDS arch release and Gantzer's excision, the observe-versus-operate decision for an AIN palsy, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Boutonnière Deformity — Reconstruction - Surgical technique guide for reconstruction of chronic boutonnière deformity — central-slip repair and reconstruction, lateral-band relocation, terminal-tendon tenotomy, and post-operative rehabilitation
Carpal Tunnel Release - Endoscopic Technique (Single Portal) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for single-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release (Agee technique) for advanced orthopaedic practice
Carpal Tunnel Release - Open & Endoscopic - How to perform carpal tunnel release - open and endoscopic - step by step: the ring-finger-axis palmar exposure, identifying and protecting the palmar cutaneous and recurrent motor branches, dividing the transverse carpal ligament distal-to-proximal in the midline, and the open-versus-endoscopic decision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Carpal Tunnel Release - Open Technique - Surgical technique guide for open carpal tunnel release - advanced orthopaedic practice operative-surgery preparation
Cubital Tunnel Decompression - How to decompress the ulnar nerve at the elbow — the lazy-S medial exposure laid out step by step, identification and protection of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the systematic release of all four compression sites, the simple decompression versus anterior transposition decision, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
De Quervain's Tenosynovitis - First Dorsal Compartment Release - Surgical technique guide for De Quervain's Tenosynovitis - First Dorsal Compartment Release
Digit Replantation - Microvascular replantation of an amputated digit — indications, operative sequence, arterial and venous anastomosis technique, vein grafting, post-operative monitoring, leech therapy, complications and rehabilitation
Distal Radius Corrective Osteotomy (Malunion) - Surgical technique guide for corrective osteotomy of distal radius malunion - volar opening-wedge and dorsal closing-wedge extra-articular osteotomy, intra-articular step correction, three-dimensional patient-specific planning, structural bone graft, and concurrent DRUJ management
DRUJ Procedures — Darrach, Sauvé-Kapandji & Ulnar Shortening - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for distal radioulnar joint procedures including Darrach resection arthroplasty, Sauvé-Kapandji arthrodesis with pseudarthrosis, ulnar shortening osteotomy for ulnar impaction syndrome, and TFCC anatomy
Dupuytren's Contracture - Comprehensive Management (Limited vs Radical Fasciectomy) - Surgical technique guide for Dupuytren's Contracture - Comprehensive Management (Limited vs Radical Fasciectomy)
Dupuytren's Fasciectomy - Regional (Segmental) Fasciectomy - Surgical technique guide for Dupuytren's Fasciectomy - Regional (Segmental) Fasciectomy
EIP-to-EPL Tendon Transfer (EPL Rupture) - Complete surgical technique guide for EIP-to-EPL tendon transfer for EPL rupture after distal radius fracture — includes EPL rupture aetiology, EIP anatomy, transfer technique, tension setting, and post-operative management
Extensor Tendon Repair (Zones I-VIII) - Comprehensive zone-specific surgical technique guide for extensor tendon injuries from DIP to forearm, covering acute repair, reconstruction, and zone-specific protocols
Finger Fracture Fixation (Phalangeal & Metacarpal) - Surgical technique guide for Finger Fracture Fixation covering metacarpal and phalangeal fractures
Fingertip Amputation and Coverage - Surgical technique guide for fingertip amputation reconstruction — healing by secondary intention, V-Y advancement flaps (Atasoy, Kutler), homodigital and cross-finger flaps, thenar flap, Moberg volar advancement flap for thumb pulp, revision (completion) amputation, and nail-bed germinal matrix preservation
First CMC Arthroplasty (Trapeziectomy ± LRTI) - How to perform trapeziectomy for basal thumb (first carpometacarpal) osteoarthritis — the Wagner volar exposure step by step, piecemeal trapeziectomy with radial artery protection, the trapeziectomy-alone vs LRTI vs suspensionplasty decision, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Flexor Tendon Repair - Zone 2 - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Zone 2 flexor tendon repair including multi-strand core suture techniques, pulley preservation strategies, and early active motion protocols for optimal functional outcomes
Flexor Tendon Repairs - All Zones (Zone 1-5) - Surgical technique guide for Flexor Tendon Repairs - All Zones (Zone 1-5)
Forearm Fasciotomy - Volar and Dorsal (Complete Release) - Surgical technique guide for Forearm Fasciotomy - Volar and Dorsal (Complete Release)
Galeazzi Fracture ORIF - Open reduction and internal fixation of Galeazzi fracture-dislocation — distal-third radial shaft fracture with disruption of the distal radioulnar joint: recognition of DRUJ instability, volar Henry approach, anatomic plate fixation, DRUJ assessment, and staged management of residual instability
Ganglion Cyst Excision - Dorsal Wrist - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for dorsal wrist ganglion cyst excision including stalk identification, scapholunate ligament protection, and superficial radial nerve preservation
Hand Infections — Surgical Drainage - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for hand infection drainage including flexor tenosynovitis (Kanavel's signs), deep space infections, paronychia, felon, web space abscess, and herpetic whitlow — organism selection, incision planning, and post-operative irrigation
Kienbock Disease — Surgical Management - Comprehensive operative guide for surgical management of Kienbock disease (lunate avascular necrosis) — the dorsal exposure step by step, radial and capitate shortening osteotomies, revascularisation, intercarpal fusion, proximal row carpectomy, and total wrist arthroplasty or fusion, guided by Lichtman stage and ulnar variance.
Mallet Finger — Management and Fixation - Management of terminal extensor tendon (mallet) injuries at the DIP joint - continuous extension splinting for tendinous and most bony mallets, with operative fixation (extension-block pinning, ORIF, pull-out suture) reserved for large bony fragments with volar subluxation or open injuries
Nail Bed & Fingertip Injury Repair - Surgical technique for nail bed and fingertip injury repair — when to trephine versus remove the nail plate, anatomical repair of the germinal and sterile matrix, the Seymour open physeal fracture, and Allen-zone fingertip reconstruction with V-Y advancement and other flaps. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Pollicization (Index Finger Transfer) - Surgical technique for index finger pollicization — creating a functional opposable thumb for congenital thumb hypoplasia (Blauth IIIB-V) or traumatic thumb loss, with metacarpal shortening, controlled rotation, intrinsic muscle reconstruction, and post-operative hand therapy
Pronator Syndrome Release - Median Nerve Decompression at Elbow/Forearm - How to decompress the median nerve in pronator syndrome — the volar exposure step by step, the four potential compression sites (ligament of Struthers, lacertus fibrosus, between the pronator heads, FDS arch), protecting the AIN and brachial artery, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fracture-Dislocation - Surgical technique guide for PIP joint fracture-dislocations: the volar Bruner exposure step by step, extension block pinning, ORIF, dynamic external fixation (Suzuki frame), volar plate arthroplasty, and hemi-hamate autograft. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Radial Styloidectomy - Surgical technique guide for radial styloidectomy — limited dorsoradial excision of the radial styloid process for localised radioscaphoid impingement, as an adjunct in stage I SLAC/SNAC wrist, scaphoid nonunion, and after proximal-row carpectomy — emphasising preservation of the radioscaphocapitate and long radiolunate ligament origins to avoid ulnar carpal translation
Rheumatoid Elbow Synovectomy & Radial Head Excision - Surgical technique guide for Rheumatoid Elbow Synovectomy & Radial Head Excision
Scaphoid Nonunion — Vascularised Bone Graft (1,2-ICSRA and Medial Femoral Condyle) - Operative technique for vascularised bone grafting of scaphoid nonunion with proximal pole AVN or humpback deformity — dorsal 1,2-ICSRA pedicled graft, volar pedicled and free MFC options, humpback correction, DISI reduction, headless compression screw fixation
Scaphoid ORIF - Dorsal Approach (Proximal Pole) - Surgical technique guide for Scaphoid ORIF - Dorsal Approach (Proximal Pole)
Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction - Dorsal Capsulodesis - Surgical technique guide for Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction - Dorsal Capsulodesis
Tendon Transfers for Median and Ulnar Nerve Palsy - Operative guide to tendon transfers for irreversible median and ulnar nerve palsies — the Brand EIP opponensplasty (median palsy workhorse) and the Zancolli lasso and FDS four-tail for ulnar claw correction, plus adductor reconstruction for Froment's sign. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tendon Transfers for Radial Nerve Palsy - Comprehensive operative technique for tendon transfers to restore wrist, finger and thumb extension in irreparable radial nerve or posterior interosseous nerve palsy — classic PT to ECRB, FCR to EDC, PL to EPL transfers, tensioning principles, donor selection and post-operative re-education
Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis - Surgical technique guide for arthrodesis of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint for painful arthritis, chronic instability, post-traumatic destruction and rheumatoid Z-collapse deformity — dorsal approach, joint preparation, fixation options, complication avoidance and rehabilitation
Thumb UCL Repair / Reconstruction (Stener Lesion) - Surgical technique guide for thumb UCL repair and reconstruction — acute Stener lesion repair with suture anchors and chronic reconstruction with free tendon graft
Trigger Finger / Thumb Release (A1 Pulley) - Surgical technique guide for A1 pulley release in trigger finger and trigger thumb - open and percutaneous techniques, digital nerve protection, paediatric considerations
Ulnar Nerve Decompression at Guyon's Canal - Surgical technique guide for Ulnar Nerve Decompression at Guyon's Canal
Wrist Arthrodesis (Total, 4-Corner & PRC) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for total wrist arthrodesis, 4-corner fusion, and proximal row carpectomy — SLAC/SNAC staging, procedure selection, plate fixation, and outcomes for advanced orthopaedic practice
Wrist Arthroscopy - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for wrist arthroscopy — portals, TFCC repair, SL ligament assessment, ganglion decompression, and carpal instability evaluation for advanced orthopaedic practice

Foot & Ankle — 50 procedures

foot-ankle (50 procedures)

Achilles Tendon Repair - Open repair of an acute Achilles tendon rupture — the posteromedial exposure step by step, Krackow core suture with epitendinous reinforcement, paratenon closure, augmentation for chronic or large-gap rupture, and accelerated functional rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Ankle Arthrodesis - How to perform ankle (tibiotalar) arthrodesis — arthroscopic portal placement and the open anterior and transfibular exposures step by step, the non-negotiable four-point fusion position, screw versus plate versus retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal nail fixation, and the arthrodesis-versus-TAR decision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Ankle Arthroscopy - Surgical technique guide for anterior and posterior ankle arthroscopy — portal placement, nerve protection, distraction, impingement resection, osteochondral lesion treatment and loose body removal
Ankle Fracture ORIF - Trimalleolar - How to perform ORIF of a trimalleolar ankle fracture — the three-incision fibula-first exposure step by step, posterior malleolus fixation through the posterolateral interval, syndesmotic assessment and fixation, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Ankle Syndesmosis Fixation - Surgical technique guide for fixation of the disrupted distal tibiofibular syndesmosis in ankle fractures and high ankle sprains — intra-operative testing, reduction, screw versus suture-button fixation, malreduction recognition, and post-operative rehabilitation
Bunionette (Tailor's Bunion) Correction - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for correction of a bunionette (Tailor's bunion) — Coughlin classification, lateral condylectomy, distal chevron and diaphyseal/oblique rotational osteotomies, fixation, and post-op rehab
Charcot Neuroarthropathy — Foot Reconstruction - Surgical reconstruction of the Charcot (neuropathic) foot — Eichenholtz staging, superconstruct arthrodesis principles, midfoot and hindfoot deformity correction, exostectomy, fixation strategies, and total-contact casting for the insensate diabetic foot
Cheilectomy - Cheilectomy for hallux rigidus (Coughlin-Shurnas Grade I–II) — the dorsomedial approach to the first MTP joint step by step, the 30/70/50 resection rule, the intra-operative 70 degree dorsiflexion check, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Chevron Osteotomy for Mild Hallux Valgus - Surgical technique guide for Chevron Osteotomy for Mild Hallux Valgus
Chopart Amputation (Transverse Tarsal Amputation) - How to perform a Chopart (transverse tarsal) amputation - the long plantar racquet flap, preservation of the medial and lateral plantar neurovascular bundles, disarticulation through the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints, and the tendon balancing (Achilles lengthening plus tibialis anterior transfer) that prevents the equinoVARUS deformity. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Chronic Achilles Reconstruction with FHL Transfer - Operative technique for chronic Achilles tendon reconstruction using flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer — indications, harvest, gap bridging, interference screw fixation, complications and rehabilitation
Common Peroneal Nerve Decompression - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for common peroneal nerve decompression with anatomy, technique, and viva scenarios for advanced orthopaedic practice
Dwyer Calcaneal Osteotomy - Lateral closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy for cavovarus deformity for advanced orthopaedic practice
First MTPJ Arthrodesis - First metatarsophalangeal joint fusion for hallux rigidus and salvage for advanced orthopaedic practice
Flexor Digitorum Longus Transfer for Tibialis Posterior Dysfunction - Operative technique for flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer for flexible stage II adult-acquired flatfoot from posterior tibial tendon dysfunction - medial approach, FDL harvest, diseased PTT debridement, navicular fixation, and the mandatory combined medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy
Freiberg's Disease Surgical Management (Infraction of Lesser Metatarsal Head) - How to operate Freiberg's infraction of a lesser metatarsal head — the dorsal intermetatarsal exposure, the Smillie stage- and plantar-cartilage-driven procedure choice (cheilectomy, core decompression, dorsal closing wedge osteotomy, Weil osteotomy, MTP fusion), step-by-step technique, rehabilitation and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Gastrocnemius Recession (Strayer / Vulpius) - Surgical technique guide for gastrocnemius recession (Strayer aponeurotic release and Vulpius-Baker lengthening) for isolated gastrocnemius contracture — Silfverskiöld test, indications, posteromedial approach, sural nerve protection, postoperative rehabilitation and complications
Girdlestone-Taylor Flexor-to-Extensor Transfer (Claw Toe) - Surgical technique guide for the Girdlestone-Taylor flexor digitorum longus to extensor transfer for flexible clawed lesser toes - intrinsic-minus pathomechanics, indications, step-by-step transfer, MTP balancing, K-wire fixation, complications and rehabilitation
Haglund Deformity and Insertional Achilles Correction - Surgical technique guide for Haglund deformity correction with insertional Achilles tendinopathy — calcaneal prominence resection, tendon debridement and reattachment, Zadek osteotomy, sural nerve protection, and post-operative rehabilitation
Hallux Valgus Correction - Comprehensive Decision-Making Guide (Chevron, Scarf, Lapidus) - Surgical technique guide for Hallux Valgus Correction - Comprehensive Decision-Making Guide (Chevron, Scarf, Lapidus)
Jones Tendon Transfer (EHL to First Metatarsal) - How to perform the Jones tendon transfer — rerouting the extensor hallucis longus from the distal phalanx to the first metatarsal neck with concomitant interphalangeal fusion, to correct a claw hallux and augment weak ankle dorsiflexion in the Charcot-Marie-Tooth cavovarus foot. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Lapidus Procedure (1st TMT Arthrodesis for Hallux Valgus) - Surgical technique guide for Lapidus Procedure (1st TMT Arthrodesis for Hallux Valgus)
Lateral Column Lengthening (Evans Osteotomy) - Surgical technique guide for Evans anterior calcaneal osteotomy with structural graft for lateral column lengthening in flexible flatfoot correction — indications, step-by-step approach, graft selection, fixation, complications and post-operative rehabilitation
Lateral Ligament Reconstruction - Surgical reconstruction of chronic lateral ankle instability — the modified Broström (direct anatomic repair) with the Gould modification (inferior extensor retinaculum reinforcement) laid out step by step through the anterolateral exposure, plus internal brace augmentation and non-anatomic tenodesis (Chrisman-Snook, Watson-Jones) for salvage. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Lesser Toe Deformity Correction - How to correct hammer, claw and mallet toes — the dorsal PIPJ arthrodesis for rigidity, the Girdlestone-Taylor flexor-to-extensor transfer for the flexible claw toe, and DIPJ fusion for the mallet toe — with the Kelikian push-up test driving the decision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy (MDCO) - Operative technique for medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy to correct hindfoot valgus in flexible flatfoot and stage II PTTD — lateral oblique approach, osteotomy landmarks, medial translation technique, screw fixation, combination with FDL transfer and lateral column lengthening, complications and rehabilitation
Metatarsal Fracture ORIF - Central Rays - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of displaced central (2nd-4th) metatarsal fractures — the dorsal intermetatarsal exposure step by step, dorsalis pedis and superficial peroneal nerve protection, the plate vs intramedullary screw vs K-wire decision, rotation and the metatarsal parabola. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Morton's Neuroma Excision - How to excise an interdigital (Morton's) neuroma — the dorsal approach laid out step by step, division of the deep transverse metatarsal ligament to expose the neuroma plantar to it, the 3 cm proximal transection that prevents stump neuroma, and the dorsal versus plantar evidence. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Ankle Fracture - Operative technique for ORIF of ankle fractures — the fibula-first fixation sequence, lateral and medial exposures with their danger structures, syndesmotic assessment under fluoroscopy, and posterior malleolar fixation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
ORIF Lisfranc Injury (Tarsometatarsal Fracture-Dislocation) - Surgical technique guide for ORIF of Lisfranc (tarsometatarsal) fracture-dislocation — the dual dorsal exposure step by step, the medial-column-first reduction sequence, fixation options and the ORIF-versus-primary-arthrodesis debate. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Peroneal Tendon Repair & Groove Deepening - Surgical technique for peroneal tendon repair with superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR) reconstruction and selective retromalleolar groove deepening — the lateral approach posterior to the fibula step by step, sural nerve protection, the tendon-repair algorithm, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Peroneal Tendon Repair/Reconstruction - How to repair and reconstruct the peroneal tendons — the direct posterolateral exposure over the retrofibular groove, sural-nerve protection, the Krause-Brodsky 50 percent rule (tubularize versus tenodesis), superior peroneal retinaculum reconstruction and groove deepening, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Plantar Fascia Release (Open/Endoscopic) + Baxter's Nerve Decompression - How to release the plantar fascia for recalcitrant plantar fasciitis — the open medial approach at the plantar/non-plantar skin junction step by step, partial (medial one-third to one-half) release only to avoid arch collapse, Baxter's nerve decompression, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction - Surgical Reconstruction - How to reconstruct the failed posterior tibial tendon — the FDL transfer to the navicular plus medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO), the medial exposure step by step, stage-based decision-making (flexible versus rigid), and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Rheumatoid Forefoot Reconstruction - Comprehensive operative guide for reconstruction of the rheumatoid forefoot — first MTP arthrodesis combined with lesser metatarsal head resection (Hoffmann) or Weil shortening osteotomies and claw toe correction, including immunosuppression considerations and post-operative rehabilitation
Scarf and Akin Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus - How to perform the scarf Z-osteotomy of the first metatarsal with an Akin osteotomy of the proximal phalanx for hallux valgus — the dorsomedial exposure step by step, troughing prevention, the stepwise lateral release, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Scarf Osteotomy for Moderate-Severe Hallux Valgus - Surgical technique guide for Scarf Osteotomy for Moderate-Severe Hallux Valgus
Subtalar Arthrodesis - Isolated subtalar joint fusion via the lateral sinus tarsi approach — exposure and operative steps, the 0–5 degree valgus heel-alignment target, screw fixation, complications and viva points. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Supramalleolar Osteotomy (Distal Tibia Realignment) - Joint-preserving realignment osteotomy of the distal tibia for asymmetric varus or valgus ankle osteoarthritis — indications, pre-operative planning, medial opening-wedge and lateral closing-wedge techniques, fibular osteotomy, plate fixation, complications, and rehabilitation
Syme Amputation (Ankle Disarticulation) - Surgical technique guide for Syme ankle disarticulation for unsalvageable hindfoot/forefoot disease, detailing the exposure, subperiosteal calcaneal dissection, heel pad preservation and anchoring, and prosthetic fitting.
Tarsal Navicular Fracture ORIF - Open reduction and internal fixation of tarsal navicular fractures — Sangeorzan body fractures, tuberosity avulsions, and high-risk stress fractures in athletes — recognising the navicular as the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch and its watershed central blood supply that predisposes to avascular necrosis and nonunion
Tarsal Tunnel Release (Posterior Tibial Nerve Decompression) - How to perform a complete tarsal tunnel release — the medial curvilinear exposure from 8 cm above the malleolus to the navicular tuberosity, division of both layers of the flexor retinaculum, the critical abductor hallucis release, the three nerve branches, and evidence-based outcomes. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tarsometatarsal (TMT) Arthrodesis - Isolated or Multi-Ray - How to perform tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) arthrodesis - isolated or multi-ray - via dual dorsal longitudinal incisions with meticulous dorsalis pedis and deep peroneal nerve protection, fish-scale joint preparation, tripod foot alignment, and selective fusion that preserves the mobile lateral column. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tendo-Achilles Lengthening - Tendo-Achilles lengthening — the percutaneous Hoke triple hemisection, the Vulpius V-Y gastrocnemius recession, and the open Z-plasty — for equinus contracture in cerebral palsy, the diabetic foot, clubfoot and Charcot. Silfverskiold-guided technique selection, the full step-by-step operative sequence, sural-nerve protection, and over-lengthening avoidance. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer (Whole / Split) - Surgical technique guide for whole and split anterior tibial tendon transfer — SPLATT for relapsed idiopathic clubfoot after Ponseti correction and for dynamic supination in cerebral palsy and stroke, harvest of the TA insertion, rerouting and bony fixation under tension, concurrent tendo-Achilles lengthening
Tibialis Posterior Tendon Transfer for Foot Drop - Surgical technique guide for tibialis posterior tendon transfer through the interosseous membrane to the dorsum of the foot for foot drop from common peroneal nerve palsy, leprosy, or irreversible anterior compartment loss
Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis (Hindfoot Nail) - Surgical technique guide for tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis using a retrograde hindfoot intramedullary nail for combined tibiotalar and subtalar arthritis, failed total ankle replacement, Charcot hindfoot, avascular talus and severe hindfoot deformity
Total Ankle Replacement (Tibiotalar Arthroplasty) - Surgical technique guide for total ankle replacement in end-stage tibiotalar arthritis — anterior approach, mobile-bearing versus fixed-bearing designs, alignment, gutter management, complications and registry outcomes
Triple Arthrodesis - Triple arthrodesis (subtalar, talonavicular, calcaneocuboid) — the dual-incision Ollier lateral plus medial exposure step by step, joint-by-joint cartilage removal and fixation, the 0-5 degree valgus alignment target, and the long-term outcome evidence. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Weil Osteotomy for Lesser Metatarsalgia and Metatarsal Length Abnormalities - Oblique metatarsal neck osteotomy parallel to the weight-bearing surface for transfer metatarsalgia, plantar plate insufficiency and metatarsal length discrepancy

Sports Medicine — 29 procedures

sports-medicine (29 procedures)

ACL Reconstruction - Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone (BTB) Autograft - Surgical technique guide for ACL Reconstruction - Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone (BTB) Autograft
ACL Reconstruction - Hamstring Autograft (4-Strand) - How to perform arthroscopic anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with a 4-strand hamstring autograft via the trans-anteromedial portal — hamstring harvest, anatomic femoral and tibial tunnel placement, suspensory fixation, tensioning and criteria-based return to sport. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
ACL Reconstruction Technique - How to perform anatomic ACL reconstruction — the arthroscopic exposure and portal setup, femoral and tibial tunnel placement at the native footprints, graft selection (BTB, hamstring, quadriceps, allograft), fixation and tensioning, rehabilitation and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
ACL Reconstruction with Quadriceps Tendon Autograft - Operative technique for anatomic ACL reconstruction using quadriceps tendon autograft — graft harvest with or without bone block, anatomic femoral and tibial tunnel placement via anteromedial portal, suspensory versus aperture fixation, tensioning, impingement check, complications and evidence-based rehabilitation
Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy - Surgical technique guide for Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) - Comprehensive guide to autologous chondrocyte implantation and MACI - two-stage cartilage repair, indications, surgical technique, and outcomes for orthopaedic examination
High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) - Medial Opening Wedge - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy, including planning, fixation, and lateral hinge fracture management, for advanced orthopaedic practice
High Tibial Osteotomy with Concurrent ACL Reconstruction - Medial Opening Wedge - How to perform a medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy combined with ACL reconstruction for the ACL-deficient varus knee — the anteromedial exposure step by step, Fujisawa-point correction, posterior-slope control, and the post-HTO tunnel sequence. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) - How to perform hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement — the supine traction setup and portal placement laid out step by step, anterolateral and mid-anterior portal access with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve protection, acetabular rim trimming with labral refixation, femoral osteochondroplasty protecting the lateral retinacular vessels, complications and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Lateral Retinacular Release - Surgical technique for open and arthroscopic lateral retinacular release of the knee - the narrow modern indication for isolated excessive lateral patellar tilt, the lengthening alternative, and the danger of iatrogenic medial instability
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Repair and Reconstruction - Surgical technique guide for MCL repair and anatomic reconstruction in acute and chronic medial knee instability — approach, saphenous nerve protection, primary repair versus graft reconstruction, combined cruciate surgery
Meniscal Allograft Transplantation (MAT) - Surgical technique guide for meniscal allograft transplantation in the symptomatic post-meniscectomy knee - indications, graft sizing, bone-plug versus soft-tissue fixation, arthroscopic-assisted implantation, concurrent procedures, outcomes and complications
Meniscal Repair - All-Inside and Inside-Out Techniques - Surgical technique guide for Meniscal Repair - All-Inside and Inside-Out Techniques
Microfracture and Bone-Marrow Stimulation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus - Surgical technique guide for arthroscopic microfracture and marrow stimulation of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) — indications by lesion size, anterior arthroscopic approach, debridement, microfracture technique, fibrocartilage formation, medial malleolar osteotomy considerations, complications and rehabilitation
Microfracture Technique - Comprehensive guide to microfracture for articular cartilage repair — marrow-stimulation technique, patient selection, operative steps, rehabilitation and outcomes for the orthopaedic exam
MPFL Reconstruction - Surgical technique guide for Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) Reconstruction
Multiligament Knee Reconstruction (Knee Dislocation) - Surgical technique guide for multiligament knee reconstruction following knee dislocation — Schenck classification, vascular and neurological assessment, timing, graft selection, tunnel convergence avoidance, fixation sequence, complications and rehabilitation
Osteochondral Allograft (OCA) - Comprehensive guide to fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation - indications, storage, surgical technique, and outcomes for orthopaedic examination
Osteochondral Autograft Transfer (OATS) - Comprehensive guide to osteochondral autograft transfer system - mosaicplasty technique, indications, donor sites, and outcomes for orthopaedic examination
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee — Fixation - Surgical technique guide for internal fixation of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the knee — arthroscopic and open approaches, headless compression screws, bioabsorbable fixation, subchondral drilling, fragment salvage in juvenile and adult patients
Patellar Tendon Repair - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for acute patellar tendon repair — the midline anterior-knee exposure laid out step by step, transosseous versus suture-anchor fixation, the essential augmentation that protects the repair, patellar-height restoration, and the chronic-rupture reconstruction options. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
PCL Reconstruction - How to reconstruct the posterior cruciate ligament — the dashboard-injury injury, the posterior drawer and grading, the transtibial 'killer turn' versus the tibial inlay, single versus double bundle, graft choice and the combined PCL-plus-posterolateral-corner case. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Posterolateral Corner (PLC) Reconstruction of the Knee - Surgical technique guide for anatomic posterolateral corner reconstruction — LaPrade fibular-and-tibial-based technique, common peroneal nerve protection, combined cruciate and osteotomy considerations, graft selection and fixation
Primary Quadriceps Tendon Repair with Suture Anchor Technique - Complete surgical technique guide for Primary Quadriceps Tendon Repair using suture anchors - advanced orthopaedic practice Orth exam preparation with anatomy, Krackow suture technique, rehabilitation protocol, and viva scenarios
Quadriceps Tendon Repair - Complete surgical technique guide for Quadriceps Tendon Repair including transosseous technique, augmentation strategies, and rehabilitation - advanced orthopaedic practice Orth exam preparation
Remplissage for Engaging Hill-Sachs Lesions - Arthroscopic remplissage technique for engaging Hill-Sachs lesions in anterior shoulder instability — glenoid track concept, combined Bankart repair, infraspinatus tenodesis and posterior capsulodesis, indications relative to glenoid bone loss thresholds, complications and rehabilitation
Revision ACL Reconstruction - How to perform revision ACL reconstruction — failure analysis, CT tunnel assessment, the one-stage versus two-stage decision, graft selection, anatomic tunnel drilling through the anteromedial portal, and anterolateral augmentation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tibial Spine (Intercondylar Eminence) Fracture Fixation - Arthroscopic-assisted reduction and fixation of tibial spine avulsion fractures — Meyers and McKeever classification, physeal-sparing techniques, suture versus screw fixation, complications and rehab
Trochleoplasty for Patellar Instability - Surgical technique guide for sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty in severe high-grade trochlear dysplasia (Dejour B/D) for recurrent lateral patellar instability

Shoulder & Elbow — 39 procedures

shoulder (39 procedures)

ACJ Reconstruction / Stabilisation - Surgical technique guide for acromioclavicular joint reconstruction and stabilisation — Rockwood classification, Weaver-Dunn, suspensory fixation (Dog-Bone/TightRope), and acute vs chronic management for advanced orthopaedic practice
Adult Monteggia Fracture-Dislocation — ORIF - Surgical technique for open reduction and internal fixation of adult Monteggia fracture-dislocation — Bado classification, plate fixation of the proximal ulna with indirect radial-head reduction, management of associated radial-head and coronoid fractures, complications including posterior interosseous nerve palsy and recurrent instability
Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty - Surgical technique guide for Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability - Surgical technique guide for Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability
Arthroscopic Capsular Shift / Plication for Shoulder Instability - Operative technique for arthroscopic capsular shift and plication in multidirectional and capsular-redundancy shoulder instability — patient selection, balanced plication, rotator interval closure, drive-through sign assessment, axillary nerve protection, and comparison with open inferior capsular shift
Arthroscopic Posterior Labral Repair (Posterior Shoulder Instability) - Arthroscopic reverse Bankart repair and posterior capsular plication for posterior shoulder instability - indications, portal placement, anchor technique, bone loss assessment, complications and rehabilitation
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair - Double Row / Transosseous Equivalent (TOE) Suture Bridge Technique - How to perform an arthroscopic double-row transosseous-equivalent (TOE) suture-bridge rotator cuff repair — beach-chair setup and portal placement, complete bursectomy, mobilisation, medial-row anchors at the articular margin and the knotless lateral-row suture bridge, with rehab and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair - Single Row Technique - Surgical technique guide for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair - Single Row Technique
Arthroscopic SLAP Repair (Shoulder) - Operative technique guide for arthroscopic superior labrum anterior-to-posterior (SLAP) repair — Snyder classification, distinguishing true type II lesions from normal variants, suture anchor technique, role of biceps tenodesis, rehabilitation and return to overhead sport
Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression (Acromioplasty) for Impingement Syndrome - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for arthroscopic subacromial decompression - evidence-based approach for external shoulder impingement
Biceps Tenodesis / Tenotomy (LHB) - Surgical technique guide for Long Head of Biceps Tenodesis and Tenotomy
Calcific Tendinitis of the Shoulder - Barbotage and arthroscopic excision of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder — the subacromial exposure and portal anatomy laid out step by step, the barbotage versus arthroscopic decision, the greater-than-50% rotator cuff repair threshold, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Capitellum and Coronal Shear Fracture ORIF - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of capitellar and coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus — lateral approach, headless compression screw fixation, fragment-specific decisions and early motion
Clavicle ORIF (Midshaft & Distal) - Surgical technique guide for Clavicle ORIF covering midshaft (Allman Group I) and distal (Neer IIA/IIB) fractures
Distal Biceps Tendon Repair - How to repair a distal biceps tendon rupture — the single anterior (modified Boyd-Anderson) exposure laid out step by step with the radial tuberosity approach, cortical-button fixation, the supination manoeuvre that protects the posterior interosseous nerve, single versus two-incision decision, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Distal Clavicle Excision (Mumford Procedure) - Open and arthroscopic distal clavicle excision (Mumford procedure) for ACJ osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, and distal clavicle osteolysis
Distal Humerus ORIF - Distal humerus ORIF — intra-articular bicolumnar fracture fixation
Elbow Arthroscopy - Elbow arthroscopy — portals, OCD, loose bodies, contracture release
Latarjet / Coracoid Transfer for Anterior Shoulder Instability - Surgical technique guide for the Latarjet coracoid transfer procedure for anterior shoulder instability with significant glenoid bone loss
McLaughlin Procedure (Locked Posterior Shoulder Dislocation) - Surgical technique guide for the McLaughlin procedure and its modifications (modified Neer / Hawkins) for chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocation with an engaging reverse Hill-Sachs defect - subscapularis or lesser tuberosity transfer into the anteromedial humeral head impaction
Mini-Open Rotator Cuff Repair - Surgical technique guide for Mini-Open Rotator Cuff Repair
Open Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability - Surgical technique guide for Open Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability - deltopectoral approach, subscapularis takedown, capsulolabral repair. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Open Rotator Cuff Repair - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Open Rotator Cuff Repair including deltoid-splitting and deltopectoral approaches
ORIF Olecranon - ORIF olecranon fracture — tension band wiring and plate fixation
Pectoralis Major Tendon Repair - Acute and Chronic Reconstruction - How to repair a pectoralis major tendon rupture - the deltopectoral exposure step by step, mobilising the retracted sternal head, preparing the lateral lip of the bicipital groove, suture-anchor fixation at the 45-degree 'deadman' angle, augmentation in chronic and high-demand cases, and the strict 6-week protection protocol. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Posterior Bone Block / Posterior Shoulder Instability - Posterior Bankart repair, bone block (Eden-Hybinette), and posterior capsulorrhaphy for posterior shoulder instability
Radial Head Arthroplasty (RHA) - Surgical technique guide for Radial Head Arthroplasty (RHA) — Kocher approach, terrible triad and Essex-Lopresti. advanced orthopaedic practice operative-surgery preparation.
Radial Nerve Exploration - Radial nerve exploration — humeral shaft, posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA) - How to perform reverse shoulder arthroplasty through the deltopectoral approach — the Grammont design rationale, inferior glenoid exposure and baseplate positioning step by step, scapular notching prevention, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Reverse TSA Revision - Surgical technique guide for Reverse TSA Revision
Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty to Reverse - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for revision of failed shoulder arthroplasty to reverse total shoulder replacement
Shoulder Arthrodesis - Glenohumeral arthrodesis for brachial plexus palsy, failed arthroplasty, irreparable rotator cuff with deltoid loss, infection, and flail shoulder
Shoulder Arthroplasty Revision - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for revision shoulder arthroplasty including anatomic TSA and conversion to reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty - Deltopectoral Approach - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for shoulder hemiarthroplasty via deltopectoral approach for proximal humerus fractures and glenohumeral arthritis
Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis - Open subpectoral biceps tenodesis technique for long head of biceps tendinopathy, instability and partial tears — axillary-fold incision, groove debridement, interference screw or cortical button fixation, length-tension restoration, nerve protection
Tennis Elbow Release - Lateral epicondyle release (open + arthroscopic) for tennis elbow
Total Elbow Replacement - Total elbow replacement (linked, unlinked, semiconstrained) — the Bryan-Morrey triceps-on exposure and operative sequence step by step, linked versus unlinked implant selection, lifetime activity restrictions, complications and revision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Triceps Tendon Repair - How to repair a distal triceps tendon rupture — the posterior exposure step by step, suture-anchor versus transosseous tunnel fixation, tensioning at 30–40° flexion, augmentation for chronic tears, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Ulnar Nerve Anterior Transposition (Subcutaneous / Submuscular) - Surgical technique guide for anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel syndrome where simple in-situ decompression is insufficient — subcutaneous, intramuscular and submuscular (Learmonth) techniques, nerve mobilisation with blood supply preservation, and management of revision and complex cases

Paediatrics — 28 procedures

paediatric (28 procedures)

Cerebral Palsy — Adductor Release for Hip Subluxation - Operative technique guide for open adductor longus, gracilis and selective brevis tenotomy with iliopsoas lengthening via medial groin approach for spastic hip displacement in cerebral palsy — indications, hip surveillance thresholds, nerve protection and combined bony reconstruction
Cerebral Palsy — Hamstring Lengthening for Crouch Gait - How to lengthen the medial and lateral hamstrings for flexed-knee crouch gait in cerebral palsy — the posteromedial exposure step by step, Z-lengthening of semitendinosus and gracilis, fractional lengthening of semimembranosus, tibial nerve and popliteal vessel protection, the rectus femoris transfer decision, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Clubfoot (CTEV) — Ponseti Method & Posteromedial Release - Surgical technique guide for congenital talipes equinovarus - Ponseti manipulation and casting, percutaneous Achilles tenotomy, foot abduction bracing, tibialis anterior transfer, and posteromedial release for resistant deformity
Congenital Muscular Torticollis - Sternocleidomastoid Release - Surgical technique guide for sternocleidomastoid release in congenital muscular torticollis - unipolar and bipolar release, danger structures, paediatric considerations and the exclusion of non-muscular torticollis
Congenital Vertical Talus — Surgical Correction - Surgical correction of congenital vertical talus (CVT), the rigid rocker-bottom flatfoot with an irreducible dorsal talonavicular dislocation and fixed hindfoot equinus — the reverse-Ponseti (Dobbs) method of serial casting, tendo-Achilles tenotomy and percutaneous talonavicular pinning, with the historical extensive single-stage soft-tissue release as the alternative
Cubitus Varus Correction (Supracondylar Osteotomy) - How to perform a supracondylar corrective osteotomy for cubitus varus (gunstock deformity) — the lateral (modified Kocher) exposure step by step, guide-wire templating, the lateral closing-wedge cut with an intact medial hinge, fixation with crossed K-wires or a lateral plate, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
DDH Open Reduction (Medial & Anterior Approaches) - Surgical technique guide for open reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants and young children - medial (Ludloff/Ferguson) versus anterior (Smith-Petersen/bikini) approach selection, obstacles to reduction, capsulorrhaphy, concurrent femoral and pelvic osteotomy, spica casting and avascular necrosis
Epiphysiodesis for Leg-Length Discrepancy - Operative-surgery guide to permanent growth-plate arrest for leg-length discrepancy — timing and growth prediction (Green-Anderson, Moseley, Paley), the percutaneous drill-and-curette exposure step by step, Phemister and PETS alternatives, and complications. advanced orthopaedic practice.
Femoral Varus Derotation Osteotomy (VDRO) - Surgical technique guide for proximal femoral varus derotation osteotomy - correction of excessive femoral anteversion and coxa valga to improve hip containment in DDH, Perthes, and neuromuscular hip subluxation
Guided Growth / Hemiepiphysiodesis (Tension-Band Plating) - Surgical technique guide for temporary hemiepiphysiodesis with tension-band plating (eight-Plate) for paediatric coronal and sagittal angular deformity - growth-plate principles, CORA planning, overcorrection avoidance, reversibility and rebound
Hip Spica Cast Application - Surgical technique guide for Hip Spica Cast Application
Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy — Reconstruction - Surgical technique guide for primary and secondary reconstruction in obstetric brachial plexus palsy — nerve grafting, nerve transfers, tendon transfers, humeral derotation osteotomy
Paediatric Both-Bone Forearm Fracture — Flexible Intramedullary Nailing - Surgical technique guide for flexible intramedullary nailing of displaced paediatric both-bone forearm fractures — antegrade ulnar and retrograde radial insertion, radial bow restoration, physis protection, and complication avoidance
Paediatric Femoral Shaft Fracture — Flexible Intramedullary Nailing - How to perform titanium elastic (flexible) intramedullary nailing of a paediatric femoral shaft fracture — the retrograde distal-entry exposure step by step, pre-bent nail and balanced three-point fixation principles, length-stable fracture selection, end-cap use, and complication avoidance. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Paediatric Lateral Humeral Condyle Fracture ORIF - Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced paediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures — Kocher lateral approach, posterior soft-tissue preservation, K-wire or screw fixation, Milch and Weiss classification, nonunion risk and complications
Paediatric Medial Epicondyle Fracture ORIF - Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced paediatric medial humeral epicondyle (apophyseal avulsion) fractures - absolute and relative indications, the medial approach with ulnar nerve protection, single cannulated screw fixation, and the displacement-threshold controversy
Paediatric Radial Neck Fracture Management - Surgical technique guide for management of paediatric radial neck (proximal radial physis) fractures — Judet classification, closed reduction manoeuvres (Patterson, percutaneous push), Métaizeau intramedullary elastic nailing, open reduction, AVN prevention, and rehabilitation
Pelvic Osteotomies — A Comparative Overview - Comparative overview of pelvic osteotomies for hip dysplasia - redirectional (Salter, triple, periacetabular/PAO), reshaping (Pemberton, Dega) and salvage (Chiari, shelf/Staheli) procedures, with selection by triradiate status, congruity and age
Pemberton & Dega Acetabuloplasty - Surgical technique guide for incomplete pericapsular acetabular reshaping osteotomies in developmental dysplasia of the hip - Pemberton (triradiate hinge) and Dega (posterior cortex hinge), indications, anatomy, technique, complications
Perthes Containment Surgery (Femoral & Pelvic Osteotomy) - Surgical technique guide for containment surgery in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease - femoral varus osteotomy, Salter pelvic osteotomy, combined and salvage procedures, prognostic factors and the containment principle
Physeal Bar Resection - Surgical technique for resection of partial physeal bars (bony bridges) across injured growth plates to halt progressive angular deformity or limb-length discrepancy in skeletally immature children — pre-operative mapping, approach, interposition, and outcomes
Salter Innominate Osteotomy - Surgical technique guide for the Salter innominate osteotomy - redirectional single pelvic osteotomy for developmental dysplasia of the hip and residual acetabular dysplasia, with operative steps, danger zones and comparison with Pemberton and Dega osteotomies
SCFE — Modified Dunn Procedure (Surgical Hip Dislocation and Subcapital Realignment) - Operative technique guide for the modified Dunn procedure in moderate-to-severe and unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis — Ganz surgical hip dislocation, retinacular flap development, subcapital realignment, and epiphyseal blood supply protection
Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) for Spastic Cerebral Palsy - Surgical technique guide for Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) for Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Sprengel Deformity Correction - Operative technique guide for surgical correction of Sprengel deformity (congenital elevated scapula) - the Woodward and Green procedures, omovertebral bone excision, supraspinous resection, clavicular osteotomy, brachial plexus protection, and paediatric considerations
SUFE Pinning - In Situ Fixation with Single Central Screw - Comprehensive advanced orthopaedic practiceination guide to in situ screw fixation for slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE/SCFE), including Loder classification, Southwick angle measurement, screw positioning, and AVN prevention strategies
Supracondylar Humeral Osteotomy for Cubitus Varus - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for corrective osteotomy of cubitus varus deformity following malunited supracondylar fractures
Tarsal Coalition Resection - Calcaneonavicular and Talocalcaneal - Comprehensive surgical technique for resection of calcaneonavicular and talocalcaneal coalitions with muscle interposition to restore subtalar motion in symptomatic rigid flatfoot

Oncology — 22 procedures

oncology (22 procedures)

Allograft Reconstruction after Bone Tumour Resection - Surgical technique for structural fresh-frozen allograft reconstruction of segmental bone defects after wide resection of bone sarcomas and aggressive benign tumours — intercalary, osteoarticular and allograft-prosthesis composite options, fixation principles, junction union strategies and complication management
Allograft-Prosthetic Composite (APC) Reconstruction - How to perform an allograft-prosthetic composite reconstruction after bone-tumour resection — cementing a long-stem prosthesis into a structural allograft, the step-cut and plate host-allograft junction, the abductor and patellar-tendon reattachment that is the biological advantage over a megaprosthesis, junction nonunion and allograft fracture management, and the APC-versus-megaprosthesis-versus-osteoarticular decision. advanced orthopaedic practice / ABOT operative-surgery guide.
Amputation for Tumour (Forequarter, Hindquarter & Rotationplasty) - Surgical technique guide for amputation in musculoskeletal oncology - oncological principles, forequarter (Berger), hindquarter (external hemipelvectomy), transfemoral/transtibial amputation, and Van Nes rotationplasty
CT-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Osteoid Osteoma - How to perform percutaneous CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of an osteoid osteoma nidus — confirming the classic lucent nidus, planning a safe drill trajectory, electrode placement, the 90 °C for 6 minute ablation dose, thermal safety margins greater than 1 cm from the cord and nerves, and the fracture risk in weight-bearing cortex. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Curettage, Local Adjuvant & Reconstruction (GCT and benign-aggressive bone lesions) - How to perform intralesional extended curettage of benign-aggressive bone lesions — the cortical window, high-speed burr, local adjuvants (phenol, cryotherapy, PMMA), cavity reconstruction, and giant cell tumour specifics including denosumab. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Tumour Megaprosthesis) - Surgical technique guide for modular endoprosthetic replacement after segmental bone resection for primary bone sarcoma and metastatic disease - proximal femur, distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus, Henderson failure modes, soft-tissue reconstruction
Endoprosthetic Replacement of the Distal Femur (Megaprosthesis) - Surgical technique guide for distal femoral megaprosthesis replacement after tumour resection or catastrophic bone loss — the medial parapatellar exposure laid out step by step, modular rotating-hinge implants, cemented and compress fixation, oncologic margins, extensor mechanism reconstruction, complications and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Expandable (Growing) Endoprosthesis in the Skeletally Immature - How to reconstruct a periphyseal bone sarcoma in a growing child with an expandable endoprosthesis — distal femoral resection and hinged reconstruction step by step, minimally invasive versus non-invasive electromagnetic lengthening, predicting and managing limb-length discrepancy, and the decision against rotationplasty and amputation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Forequarter (Interscapulothoracic) Amputation - How to perform a forequarter (interscapulothoracic) amputation for an unresectable shoulder-girdle or proximal-humeral tumour — the clavicle-first anterior (Berger) exposure, early subclavian vascular control, brachial-plexus division, scapular detachment and chest-wall flap cover, with phantom-pain management and the limb-salvage (Tikhoff-Linberg) contrast. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Hindquarter Amputation (External Hemipelvectomy) - How to perform an external hemipelvectomy (hindquarter amputation) for an unresectable pelvic or proximal-thigh sarcoma — the classic posterior gluteal flap and the anterior quadriceps flap alternative, iliac vessel control, division of the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joint, durable flap cover, complications and contrast with internal hemipelvectomy. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Intercalary Resection and Reconstruction for Diaphyseal Tumours - How to perform an intercalary (joint-preserving) resection and reconstruction for a diaphyseal bone sarcoma — wide en-bloc resection with the adjacent joints preserved, the four reconstructions (structural allograft, vascularised fibula, Capanna composite, intercalary spacer), fixation and the dominant complications of nonunion, graft fracture and infection. advanced orthopaedic practice / ABOT operative-surgery guide.
Internal Hemipelvectomy (Periacetabular / Enneking Type II Resection) - How to perform a limb-sparing periacetabular (Enneking Type II) internal hemipelvectomy for pelvic sarcoma — the ilioinguinal/utilitarian exposure with iliac-vessel and femoral-nerve control, the pubic, ischial and supracetabular osteotomies, en-bloc resection, reconstruction options (saddle, custom/3D-printed endoprosthesis, hip transposition, allograft-composite, flail hip) and the high blood-loss and infection burden. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Musculoskeletal Tumour Biopsy — Principles & Technique - Surgical technique guide for biopsy of bone and soft-tissue tumours - core needle vs open incisional vs excisional biopsy, tract planning, sarcoma centre principles, and the consequences of poorly-executed biopsy
Prophylactic Fixation of Metastatic Bone Disease (Impending Fracture) - How to prevent a pathological fracture — the Mirels score and the threshold to fix, the whole-bone fixation principle (long cephalomedullary nail spanning the femur), cement augmentation of lytic defects, pre-operative embolisation of vascular metastases, the fixation-versus-endoprosthesis decision, and adjuvant radiotherapy plus bone-targeted systemic therapy. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Femoral Endoprosthetic Replacement for Tumour - How to perform a modular proximal femoral replacement (megaprosthesis) after wide resection of a proximal femoral tumour — biopsy-tract planning and Enneking margins, the extended lateral exposure and the structures at risk, modular implant assembly with a bipolar or dual-mobility articulation, abductor and capsule reconstruction to restore abduction and cut the high dislocation rate, complications and adjuvant therapy timing. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Humeral Endoprosthetic Replacement for Tumour - How to perform a proximal humeral endoprosthetic replacement after wide tumour resection — the deltopectoral or extended exposure step by step, the critical decision to preserve or sacrifice the axillary nerve and deltoid, modular cemented prosthesis with synthetic mesh soft-tissue reconstruction, allograft-prosthetic composite as an alternative, and the functional outcome (stable shoulder, functional hand, limited active elevation). advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Tibial Endoprosthetic Replacement for Tumour - How to perform a wide resection of the proximal tibia for an osteosarcoma and reconstruct it with a modular endoprosthesis — the two signature problems (extensor-mechanism reconstruction and soft-tissue cover), the medial gastrocnemius flap that solves both, the rotating-hinge articulation, protection of the neurovascular bundle and common peroneal nerve, complications and rehab. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Rotationplasty (Van Nes) for Distal Femoral / Knee Tumours - How to perform a Van Nes (Borggreve) rotationplasty for a distal femoral or proximal tibial sarcoma in a skeletally immature child — wide resection of the tumour and knee, 180-degree rotation of the distal limb so the ankle becomes a knee, with sciatic nerve and vessel preservation, femorotibial fixation and prosthetic rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Sacral and Pelvic Tumour Resection (Internal Hemipelvectomy) - Operative technique guide for internal hemipelvectomy and sacrectomy for primary pelvic and sacral tumours — Enneking zones, staged anterior-posterior approaches, margin planning, neurovascular control, reconstruction options and functional trade-offs
Total En-Bloc Spondylectomy for Spinal Tumour (Tomita Technique) - How to perform total en-bloc spondylectomy for an isolated primary or solitary metastatic spinal tumour — the piecemeal-versus-en-bloc oncological principle, WBB staging and the Tomita score, the posterior-only Tomita technique with pediculotomy and the threadwire saw (T-saw), cord and great-vessel protection, anterior column reconstruction, and the local-control rationale. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Wide / Compartmental Excision of Soft-Tissue Sarcoma - How to perform a wide excision of an extremity soft-tissue sarcoma with an oncological margin — image-guided core biopsy along a resectable tract, the en-bloc principle of taking a continuous cuff of normal tissue (and why historical compartmentectomy is now largely replaced by wide margins plus radiotherapy), neurovascular preservation versus sacrifice and reconstruction, clipping the tumour bed for adjuvant radiotherapy, flap cover, margins and local recurrence. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Wide Local Excision & Limb Salvage — Surgical Margins in Sarcoma - Surgical technique guide for wide local excision and limb salvage in bone and soft-tissue sarcoma - Enneking margins, R0/R1/R2 classification, limb salvage versus amputation, biopsy tract excision, and reconstruction options

Approaches & Principles — 2 procedures

general-ortho (2 procedures)

Above-Knee Amputation (Transfemoral) - Surgical technique guide for Above-Knee (Transfemoral) Amputation
Below-Knee Amputation (Transtibial) - Surgical technique guide for Below-Knee (Transtibial) Amputation

Operative Procedures Workbench - 357+ Surgical procedures

Arthroplasty — 61 procedures

adult-reconstruction (61 procedures)

Comprehensive Knee Osteotomy: HTO, DFO, and TTO - Surgical technique guide for knee realignment osteotomy — high tibial osteotomy (HTO), distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) and tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) — exposures, biplanar opening-wedge technique, the Fujisawa correction target and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Constrained Condylar Knee (CCK) Revision Arthroplasty - Operative technique for constrained condylar knee (varus-valgus constrained) revision arthroplasty — indications for collateral ligament incompetence or flexion-extension gap mismatch, deep medial parapatellar approach, tall post/box constraint mechanics, stem and cone fixation, complications and post-operative rehabilitation
Constrained Total Knee Replacement (VVC/CCK/Hinged) - Surgical technique guide for Constrained Total Knee Replacement (VVC/CCK/Hinged) - constraint selection, AORI bone loss reconstruction, enhanced exposure, popliteal vessel safety and revision cementation
Conversion THA (Failed Hip Fracture Fixation) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for conversion total hip arthroplasty following failed hip fracture fixation - evidence-based approach with detailed operative steps and complication management
Conversion THA after Failed Hemiarthroplasty - How to convert a failed hemiarthroplasty to a total hip arthroplasty — the posterior exposure laid out step by step, the stem-retention versus stem-revision decision (TAPER criteria), acetabular reconstruction for the eroded socket, and instability prevention with dual mobility. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Core Decompression — Femoral Head AVN - How to perform core decompression for pre-collapse (Ficat/ARCO I–II) femoral head osteonecrosis — the percutaneous lateral exposure through vastus lateralis step by step, biplanar-fluoroscopy trajectory to the anterosuperior lesion, the 5 mm subchondral safety margin, single-versus-multiple core choice and adjuncts (tantalum, vascularised fibula). advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Distal Femoral Osteotomy - How to perform a varus-producing distal femoral osteotomy for the valgus knee with lateral-compartment osteoarthritis — the lateral exposure step by step, opening- versus closing-wedge technique, CORA-based correction, fixation, rehabilitation, and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Free Vascularised Fibular Graft - Surgical technique guide for Free Vascularised Fibular Graft (FVFG) for large segmental long-bone defects and femoral-head osteonecrosis, including lateral leg approach, harvest, anastomosis, and fixation.
Girdlestone Resection (Excision) Arthroplasty of the Hip - Salvage procedure for the hip: indications, posterior or lateral approach, femoral head and neck excision at the intertrochanteric line, soft-tissue interposition, post-operative traction, functional outcomes, conversion considerations, and patient counselling
High Tibial Osteotomy - How to perform a high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for medial compartment osteoarthritis with varus malalignment — the medial opening-wedge exposure and biplanar osteotomy step by step, opening- versus closing-wedge decision, Fujisawa-point correction, rehabilitation, and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Hip Arthrodesis (Fusion) - Surgical technique guide for hip arthrodesis - a salvage fusion for the young, high-demand manual labourer with isolated end-stage unilateral hip arthritis: position of fusion, muscle-sparing technique, long-term adjacent-joint sequelae and conversion to total hip arthroplasty
Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty - Operative technique guide for metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty via the posterior approach — patient selection, femoral head preparation with retinacular vessel preservation, acetabular resurfacing, cementing technique, metal ion surveillance, and management of ARMD
Hybrid Total Hip Replacement (Cemented Stem, Uncemented Cup) - Operative technique for hybrid total hip arthroplasty using a cemented femoral stem and uncemented acetabular component — indications, posterior approach, third-generation cementing, press-fit cup fixation, complications and registry outcomes
Knee Arthrodesis - Surgical technique guide for Knee Arthrodesis (knee fusion)
Knee Synovectomy - Surgical technique guide for Knee Synovectomy (open and arthroscopic)
Management of Stiff Total Knee Arthroplasty - Comprehensive surgical technique for management of stiff TKA including MUA, arthroscopic lysis, and open arthrolysis
Minimally Invasive Posterior THA - Surgical technique guide for Minimally Invasive Posterior Total Hip Arthroplasty - advanced orthopaedic practice Orth exam preparation
Patellar Resurfacing in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty - Operative technique guide for patellar resurfacing during primary TKA — indications and evidence for routine versus selective resurfacing, native thickness measurement, composite thickness restoration, medialised patellar button, patellar tracking assessment with the no-thumb test, and management of complications including fracture, AVN, clunk and loosening
Patellofemoral Arthroplasty - Surgical technique guide for patellofemoral arthroplasty in isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis — indications, medial parapatellar approach, onlay trochlear design, component rotation, patellar resurfacing, outcomes and conversion to total knee arthroplasty
Periprosthetic Joint Infection — Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention (DAIR) - Operative technique for DAIR in acute periprosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee — the exposure, the mandatory modular exchange, the culture-first protocol, radical synovectomy, irrigation and antibiotic strategy, with the predictors of success versus failure. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Periprosthetic Joint Infection — One-Stage (Single-Stage) Revision - How to perform single-stage exchange revision arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection — the Endo-Klinik selection pillars, the posterior (hip) and medial parapatellar (knee) exposure laid out step by step, the mandatory re-draping protocol, antibiotic-loaded cement reimplantation, and the evidence versus two-stage exchange. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty - How to perform a primary total hip arthroplasty — the posterior (Moore/Southern) exposure step by step, cup and stem technique, the Lewinnek safe zone and capsular repair for dislocation prevention, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty - Standard Measured Resection Technique - Surgical technique guide for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty - Standard Measured Resection Technique
Primary Total Knee Replacement - Comprehensive Technique - How to perform a primary total knee replacement through the medial parapatellar approach — the exposure step by step, the tibial and femoral cuts, femoral rotation references, gap balancing, patellar resurfacing and cementation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Primary Total Knee Replacement (TKR) - How to perform a primary total knee replacement - the medial parapatellar arthrotomy step by step, measured-resection bone cuts, femoral rotation and soft-tissue gap balancing, and the evidence behind implant and fixation choices. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Revision THA — Cup-Cage Construct for Pelvic Discontinuity - Surgical technique for cup-cage reconstruction in revision total hip arthroplasty with chronic pelvic discontinuity and severe acetabular bone loss — Paprosky classification, extensile posterior approach, distraction technique, tantalum cup plus antiprotrusio cage, bone grafting, fixation principles, complications and outcomes
Revision THA — Femoral Impaction Bone Grafting - Operative technique for femoral impaction bone grafting in revision total hip arthroplasty for cavitary femoral bone loss — indications, defect containment, sequential graft impaction, polished tapered cemented stem, Exeter/Slooff technique, complications and outcomes
Revision TKA — Stems, Offsets and Metaphyseal Fixation Principles - Operative technique and fixation principles for revision total knee arthroplasty using stems, offset adapters, cones and sleeves — zonal fixation concept, diaphyseal engagement, joint line restoration and AORI defect management
Revision Total Hip Replacement - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Hip Replacement
Revision Total Hip Replacement - Acetabular Component - How to revise a failed acetabular component — the posterior exposure and step-by-step technique, mandatory infection workup, Paprosky bone-loss classification, defect-driven reconstruction (jumbo cup, augments, cup-cage, custom triflange), dual mobility for instability, and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Revision Total Hip Replacement - Femoral Component - Surgical technique guide for femoral-component revision total hip replacement - the posterior approach, the extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO), Paprosky-driven stem selection and diaphyseal fixation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Revision Total Hip Replacement for Aseptic Loosening - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Hip Replacement for Aseptic Loosening
Revision Total Hip Replacement for Recurrent Instability - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Hip Replacement for Recurrent Instability
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Aseptic Loosening - How to revise a loose total knee replacement for aseptic loosening — excluding infection, grading bone loss with the AORI classification, choosing constraint from ligament integrity, stemmed and cone reconstruction, and the extensile exposures that protect the extensor mechanism. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Revision Total Knee Replacement - Femoral Component - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Knee Replacement - Femoral Component
Revision Total Knee Replacement - Patellar Component (Resurfacing/Revision) - How to revise the patellar component in total knee arthroplasty — the medial parapatellar exposure step by step, the bone-stock-driven decision to resurface, augment, patelloplasty or patellectomy, the composite-thickness and no-thumb-tracking rules, intra-operative fracture management, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Revision Total Knee Replacement - Tibial Component - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Knee Replacement - Tibial Component with AORI classification, defect management, and constraint selection
Revision Total Knee Replacement (rTKR) - Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Knee Replacement (rTKR)
THA Revision - Acetabular Component (Jumbo Cup/Augments) - Comprehensive surgical technique for revision acetabuloplasty using jumbo cups and augments for Paprosky II/IIIA defects with detailed operative steps, complications, and exam-focused clinical scenarios
THA Revision - Femoral Component (Extensively Porous Stem) - How to revise an aseptically loose femoral stem with an extensively porous-coated cylindrical stem and an extended trochanteric osteotomy — the posterior exposure step by step, the Paprosky femoral classification, the scratch-fit fixation principle, and global registry outcomes. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy - Comprehensive guide to the tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) for extensile exposure in difficult and revision total knee arthroplasty, extensor mechanism repair and patellofemoral reconstruction — the long, laterally-pedicled anterior tibial crest osteotomy, its step-by-step technique, fragment fixation, and complication avoidance. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
TKA Revision - Femoral Component with Sleeves - Comprehensive surgical technique for revision TKA with metaphyseal sleeves for AORI Type 2B/3 femoral bone defects - evidence-based approach for advanced orthopaedic practice
TKA Revision - Tibial Component with Cones - How to revise a total knee arthroplasty with a porous metal tibial cone for AORI Type 2B/3 bone loss — the extensile exposure and component removal, reaming to bleeding bone, press-fit cone and cemented baseplate technique, stem load-sharing, and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Hip Arthroplasty - Revision with Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy - Surgical technique guide for revision total hip arthroplasty with an Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy - the posterior approach and ETO exposure step by step, fragment blood-supply preservation, cement removal, cable fixation, stem selection by Paprosky grade, and protected weight-bearing rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Hip Arthroplasty - Two-Stage Revision for Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infection - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for two-stage revision THA for chronic periprosthetic joint infection with MSIS criteria, articulating spacer, high-dose antibiotic cement protocol, and reimplantation strategies
Total Hip Replacement - Cemented Femoral Technique (Modern 3rd/4th Generation) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for modern cemented femoral component insertion using third and fourth-generation cementing principles with detailed attention to canal preparation, retrograde cement insertion, and pressurization techniques for optimal fixation and long-term survival
Total Hip Replacement - Direct Anterior Approach (DAA) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Total Hip Replacement via Direct Anterior Approach - internervous plane between TFL and Sartorius - complete operative steps, danger zones, and exam-focused clinical pearls
Total Hip Replacement - Direct Lateral Approach (Hardinge/Transgluteal) - How to perform a total hip replacement through the direct lateral (Hardinge/transgluteal) approach — splitting the anterior third of gluteus medius and minimus in line with their fibres, reflecting the anterior abductor-capsule sleeve off the greater trochanter, and the meticulous transosseous abductor repair that determines outcome. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Hip Replacement - Posterior Approach (Kocher-Langenbeck Modified) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for total hip replacement via modified posterior approach, including enhanced soft tissue repair techniques, acetabular component positioning, and strategies to minimize dislocation risk
Total Hip Replacement - SuperPATH/SuperCAP Approach (Tissue-Sparing Posterior) - Surgical technique for SuperPATH / SuperCAP total hip replacement — the tissue-sparing 'micro-posterior' approach (Chow, Penenberg, Murphy 2011): the superior capsular window, the gluteus minimus to piriformis interval with external-rotator preservation, in-situ neck osteotomy and rapid recovery. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Hip Replacement Dislocation - Comprehensive Assessment and Management - Evidence-based surgical technique for managing THA instability through systematic assessment, component revision, dual mobility, and soft tissue reconstruction
Total Hip Replacement with Ceramic Bearing Surfaces - How to perform a total hip replacement with a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing for the young, active patient — the posterior (Moore/Southern) exposure laid out step by step, precision acetabular positioning in the Lewinnek zone, clean-and-dry taper impaction of the ceramic head, and the squeak/fracture pitfalls. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Hip Replacement with Dual Mobility Cup - How to perform a total hip replacement with a dual mobility cup — the posterior exposure step by step, acetabular preparation and rim assessment, the monoblock versus modular construct, mobile liner and head assembly, intraprosthetic dislocation prevention, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Knee Arthroplasty - Cemented - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for cemented total knee arthroplasty including medial parapatellar approach, gap balancing, femoral rotation principles, and complication management - advanced orthopaedic practice
Total Knee Arthroplasty - Medial Parapatellar Approach - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for total knee arthroplasty using the medial parapatellar approach — the exposure laid out step by step, femoral rotation landmarks, gap balancing, third-generation cement technique, danger zones, registry survivorship and exam pearls. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Knee Arthroplasty for Valgus Deformity - How to perform a total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee — the medial versus lateral (Keblish) exposure, the gap-driven lateral release sequence (Whiteside), the Krackow anatomic classification, soft-tissue balancing, and constraint selection. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Total Knee Replacement Instability - Assessment and Constraint Ladder Management - Comprehensive surgical technique for assessing and managing TKR instability using the constraint ladder approach, from posterior-stabilized to rotating hinge prostheses
Two-Stage Exchange for Infected TKA - Complete surgical technique for two-stage revision arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection of TKA including diagnosis, Stage 1 explantation with antibiotic spacer, Stage 2 reimplantation criteria, and antibiotic protocols for advanced orthopaedic practice Orth exam preparation
Two-Stage Revision THA - Stage 1: Antibiotic Cement Spacer Insertion - Comprehensive surgical technique for stage 1 two-stage revision THA with an antibiotic cement spacer for periprosthetic joint infection and advanced orthopaedic practice
Two-Stage Revision TKA - Stage 1: Antibiotic Cement Spacer Insertion - Comprehensive surgical technique for stage 1 two-stage revision TKA with an antibiotic cement spacer for periprosthetic knee infection and advanced orthopaedic practice
Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (UKR/Oxford) - Surgical technique for unicompartmental (Oxford) knee replacement — patient selection and the intact-ACL rule, the minimally invasive medial exposure, minimal tibial resection, mobile-bearing balance, and complication management. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.

Trauma — 56 procedures

trauma (56 procedures)

Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Anterior Column - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Anterior Column Acetabular Fracture ORIF via the ilioinguinal and anterior intrapelvic (modified Stoppa) approaches - global orthopaedic fellowship exam preparation (advanced orthopaedic practice, DNB)
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Both Column - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for both-column acetabular fracture ORIF with secondary congruence concepts and combined approaches for advanced orthopaedic practice
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Comprehensive Approach Selection - Comprehensive guide to surgical approach selection for acetabular fractures based on the Judet-Letournel classification for advanced orthopaedic practice
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Ilioinguinal Approach - Complete surgical technique guide for the ilioinguinal approach to acetabular fractures - the three-window anterior approach for anterior column, anterior wall, and both-column fracture patterns. advanced orthopaedic practice.
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Kocher-Langenbeck Approach - Complete surgical technique guide for the Kocher-Langenbeck posterior approach to acetabular fractures - the workhorse approach for posterior wall, posterior column, and transverse fracture patterns. advanced orthopaedic practice.
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Posterior Column/Wall - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for posterior column and posterior wall acetabular fracture ORIF via the Kocher-Langenbeck approach for advanced orthopaedic practice
Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Posterior Wall - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for posterior wall acetabular fracture ORIF via the Kocher-Langenbeck approach for advanced orthopaedic practice
Ankle Fracture ORIF - Weber B/C Fibula with Medial Malleolus - How to perform ORIF of a Weber B/C fibula fracture with a medial malleolus fracture — the lateral fibular and medial malleolar exposures laid out step by step, fibular length and rotation, syndesmotic assessment (Cotton and Hook tests), and the medial malleolar fixation decision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Antegrade Femoral Nailing (Piriformis vs Trochanteric Entry) - Surgical technique guide for antegrade intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft and subtrochanteric fractures - piriformis fossa versus greater trochanter tip entry, reduction, locking, malrotation, AVN and timing in polytrauma
Both-Bone Forearm Diaphyseal ORIF (Radius & Ulna) - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of adult both-bone forearm diaphyseal fractures - restoring the radial bow and interosseous space, Henry vs Thompson approaches, PIN protection, Galeazzi and Monteggia, and radioulnar synostosis prevention
Brachial Plexus Exploration and Reconstruction - Operative technique for exploration and reconstruction of traumatic brachial plexus injuries — supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches, root avulsion versus rupture differentiation, nerve grafting, and transfers including spinal accessory, Oberlin, and intercostal procedures
Coronoid Process Fracture Fixation - Operative technique guide for coronoid process fracture fixation — Regan-Morrey and O'Driscoll classifications, anteromedial facet buttress restoration, Hotchkiss medial approach, suture lasso versus plate fixation, elbow stability reconstruction after terrible triad injuries
Distal Femur Fracture ORIF (Isolated, Non-Periprosthetic) - Surgical technique guide for open reduction internal fixation of distal femur fractures - AO/OTA 33 classification, deforming forces, lateral locking plate, retrograde nail, dual plating, articular reduction and the nonunion problem
Distal Radius External Fixation (Spanning and Non-Spanning) - Operative technique guide for spanning and non-spanning external fixation of distal radius fractures — indications, ligamentotaxis principles, pin placement, frame construction, danger structures, over-distraction avoidance, and post-operative care
Distal Radius ORIF with Volar Locking Plate - Comprehensive operative technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures using a volar locking plate — indications, modified Henry approach, step-by-step reduction and fixation, DRUJ assessment, complications and rehabilitation
Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) for Intertrochanteric Fracture - How to fix an intertrochanteric femur fracture with a dynamic hip screw — the direct lateral exposure laid out step by step, the tip-apex distance rule, the DHS-versus-nail decision, and aftercare. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Exchange Intramedullary Nailing for Long-Bone Nonunion - Operative technique for exchange intramedullary nailing in aseptic diaphyseal nonunion of the femur and tibia — indications, reaming strategy, dynamic versus static fixation, adjuncts, complications and salvage
External Fixation Principles (Damage Control, Monolateral, Ring/Ilizarov) - Principles of external fixation for the advanced orthopaedic practice - damage control orthopaedics, frame biomechanics, monolateral and circular (Ilizarov) fixators, distraction osteogenesis, pin-site care and conversion to definitive fixation
Femoral Neck Fracture - Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) Fixation - Surgical technique guide for Femoral Neck Fracture - Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) Fixation
Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for cemented hip hemiarthroplasty in displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures — the posterior (Moore/Southern) exposure step by step, third-generation cementing, enhanced soft-tissue repair, and the hemi-versus-THA decision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Humeral Shaft Fracture Fixation (Plating vs Nailing) - Surgical technique guide for humeral shaft fracture fixation - operative versus conservative (Sarmiento bracing) decision-making, anterolateral/posterior/MIPO approaches, radial nerve protection, and compression plating versus intramedullary nailing
Iliosacral (Sacroiliac) Screw Fixation - Percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation for posterior pelvic ring injuries — sacral fractures and sacroiliac joint disruptions; fluoroscopic corridor anatomy, dysmorphic sacrum recognition, nerve-root and vascular danger zones, step-by-step percutaneous technique, trans-sacral screws, and post-operative rehabilitation
Lower Leg Compartment Fasciotomy - Surgical technique guide for two-incision fasciotomy in acute compartment syndrome of the leg — four-compartment decompression, superficial peroneal nerve protection, delayed closure or skin grafting
Masquelet Induced-Membrane Technique for Segmental Bone Loss - Two-stage induced-membrane technique for critical-size segmental bone defects from trauma, infection or tumour resection — radical debridement, PMMA spacer induction, membrane preservation and autograft reconstruction
Neck of Femur Fractures - Dynamic Hip Screw and Cannulated Screws - Surgical technique guide for Neck of Femur Fractures - Dynamic Hip Screw and Cannulated Screws
Open Fracture Debridement and Management - Comprehensive operative technique guide for open long-bone fracture debridement, Gustilo-Anderson classification, timing of antibiotics and surgery, damage-control stabilisation, orthoplastic soft-tissue coverage and staged reconstruction
Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Radial Head Fracture - Surgical technique guide for Open Reduction Internal Fixation of a Radial Head Fracture — the lateral Kocher approach step by step, the safe zone for hardware, PIN protection by supination, fixation choice, the terrible triad and Essex-Lopresti decision, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
ORIF Distal Humerus Fracture - Olecranon Osteotomy Approach - How to fix a displaced bicolumnar distal humerus fracture through a posterior approach with a chevron olecranon osteotomy — the exposure laid out step by step, articular-first reduction, parallel versus 90-90 plating, ulnar nerve management, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
ORIF Supracondylar Fracture Humerus - Paediatric - Surgical technique guide for ORIF Supracondylar Fracture Humerus - Paediatric
Osteomyelitis — Surgical Debridement and Dead-Space Management - Comprehensive operative technique guide for radical surgical debridement of chronic osteomyelitis, Cierny-Mader staging, sequestrectomy to paprika sign, deep cultures, antibiotic-loaded carriers, dead-space management, Masquelet reconstruction, flap coverage and targeted antimicrobial therapy
Paediatric Ankle Fractures - Salter-Harris ORIF - Surgical technique guide for Paediatric Ankle Fractures - Salter-Harris ORIF
Paediatric Monteggia Fracture Dislocation - ORIF Ulna & Radial Head Reduction - Surgical technique guide for Paediatric Monteggia Fracture Dislocation - ORIF Ulna & Radial Head Reduction
Patella ORIF — Tension Band and Screw Fixation - Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced transverse patellar fractures using modified anterior tension band wiring or cannulated screw tension band constructs — indications, midline anterior approach, articular reduction, fixation techniques, complications and rehabilitation
Pelvic Ring External Fixation - Operative technique guide for temporary and definitive external fixation of unstable pelvic ring injuries — indications, supra-acetabular and iliac crest pin corridors, frame constructs, damage-control principles, and transition to definitive internal fixation
Perilunate Dislocation — Open Reduction and Internal Fixation - Combined dorsal and volar approach for perilunate and lunate dislocations — Mayfield staging, median nerve decompression, scaphoid fixation, interosseous ligament repair, and post-operative rehabilitation
Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture — Vancouver Classification & Management - How to operate on a periprosthetic femoral fracture around a hip stem using the Vancouver classification — stem stability assessment, the posterior/extended-trochanteric-osteotomy exposure, ORIF of a B1 versus revision of a B2/B3, with a brief account of periprosthetic distal femur fractures around a knee replacement. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Pilon (Distal Tibia) Fracture ORIF — Staged Management - Surgical technique guide for staged management of pilon (distal tibial plafond) fractures - spanning external fixation, soft-tissue timing, definitive ORIF, articular reduction principles and complication avoidance
Posterior Pelvic Ring ORIF (Sacral and Crescent Fractures) - Open reduction and internal fixation of the posterior pelvic ring for sacral fractures, crescent iliac fractures and SI joint disruptions — posterior and anterior approaches, reduction techniques, spinopelvic fixation and complication management
Proximal Femoral Nail (Cephalomedullary Nail) for Intertrochanteric Fracture - How to perform cephalomedullary nailing for an intertrochanteric (peritrochanteric) hip fracture — the fracture-table set-up, percutaneous greater-trochanter entry and the step-by-step nail and cephalic-screw technique, the tip-apex distance rule, short-versus-long nail selection, and the prevention of cut-out. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Humerus Fracture - Plating vs Hemiarthroplasty - Operative guide for proximal humerus fracture fixation - the deltopectoral exposure laid out step by step, ORIF locking-plate technique versus hemiarthroplasty and reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Humerus Intramedullary Nailing - Surgical technique guide for antegrade intramedullary nailing of proximal humeral and surgical neck fractures — anterosuperior deltoid-split approach, straight-nail entry biomechanics, proximal and distal locking, tuberosity fixation, and post-operative rehabilitation
Proximal Humerus ORIF with Locking Plate - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures using precontoured locking plates — deltopectoral approach, tuberosity reduction, calcar support, axillary nerve protection, and post-operative rehabilitation
Retrograde Femoral Nailing - Surgical technique guide for Retrograde Femoral Nailing
Retrograde Superior Pubic Ramus Screw Fixation - Surgical technique for percutaneous retrograde medullary superior pubic ramus screw fixation of anterior pelvic ring injuries - corridor planning, multiplanar fluoroscopy, danger structures and combined ring fixation
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fracture - Surgical technique guide for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty as primary treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients — indications, deltopectoral approach, glenoid and humeral preparation, tuberosity reconstruction, complications and outcomes
Septic Arthritis — Arthroscopic Washout and Debridement - Arthroscopic irrigation and debridement for native-joint septic arthritis of the knee, shoulder, hip and ankle — emergency management, portals, synovectomy technique, repeat washouts, role of open arthrotomy, antibiotic strategy, complications and rehabilitation
Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty for Acute Proximal Humerus Fracture - How to perform hemiarthroplasty for an acute 3- or 4-part proximal humerus fracture in the elderly patient — the extensile deltopectoral exposure step by step, prosthetic height determination using the pectoralis major landmark, tuberosity fixation with bone graft and heavy sutures, aftercare, and the modern shift to reverse shoulder arthroplasty. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture Fixation - Surgical technique guide for fixation of subtrochanteric femoral fractures using cephalomedullary nailing, including Russell-Taylor classification, deformity correction, reduction techniques, implant selection, management of atypical bisphosphonate-related fractures, and prophylactic fixation of impending lesions
Supracondylar Femur Fracture (Periprosthetic) - ORIF - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for periprosthetic supracondylar femur fracture ORIF with component stability assessment and bridging plate fixation for advanced orthopaedic practice
Supracondylar Humerus Fracture - Closed Reduction Percutaneous Pinning - How to perform closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire pinning of a displaced pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture — the reduction maneuver step by step, the lateral-entry versus crossed-pin decision, ulnar-nerve protection, and the pink pulseless hand. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Symphysis Pubis Plating (Anterior Pelvic Ring ORIF) - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of the pubic symphysis with anterior plating in open-book and combined pelvic ring injuries — Pfannenstiel approach, corona mortis protection, reduction techniques, plate selection, and the critical role of posterior ring stabilisation
Talar Neck and Body Fracture ORIF - Open reduction and internal fixation of talar neck and body fractures — dual-incision approach, Hawkins classification, retrograde blood supply, AVN risk, anatomic reduction to prevent varus malunion, lag-screw and plate fixation, post-traumatic arthritis
Terrible Triad ORIF - Elbow Dislocation with Radial Head and Coronoid Fractures - How to reconstruct the terrible triad elbow injury — the lateral Kocher exposure step by step, the mandatory coronoid-then-radial-head-then-LCL sequence, the ORIF-versus-replacement and overstuffing decisions, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tibial Intramedullary Nailing - How to perform reamed locked intramedullary nailing of the tibial shaft — infrapatellar versus suprapatellar entry, the correct start point, reamed versus unreamed nailing, blocking (Poller) screws, distal interlocking and fibular fixation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tibial Plateau Fracture ORIF - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures - Schatzker and three-column classification, staged management of high-energy injuries, compartment syndrome and vascular assessment, anterolateral and posteromedial approaches, articular reduction and buttress fixation
Transverse Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Surgical technique guide for Transverse Acetabular Fracture ORIF

Spine — 28 procedures

spine (28 procedures)

Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion - Surgical technique guide for anterior cervical corpectomy and strut reconstruction for multilevel retrovertebral cord compression — Smith-Robinson approach, vertebral body resection, strut grafting or expandable cage, anterior plating, and multilevel considerations
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) - Single Level - How to perform a single-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) — the Smith-Robinson approach step by step, the avascular plane medial to the carotid sheath, complete discectomy with PLL removal, cage plus anterior plate fixation, and the structures at risk in each layer. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) - Comprehensive operative technique guide for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) at L4-L5 and L5-S1 — left retroperitoneal exposure, great-vessel mobilisation, superior hypogastric plexus protection, lordotic cage selection, fixation options, complication avoidance and post-operative rehabilitation
Anterior Odontoid Screw Fixation - Surgical technique guide for anterior odontoid (dens) screw fixation of Type II and high Type III odontoid fractures — indications, biplanar fluoroscopic trajectory, Smith-Robinson approach, lag screw placement, transverse ligament assessment and conversion criteria to posterior C1-C2 fusion
Balloon Kyphoplasty - How to perform balloon kyphoplasty for a painful vertebral compression fracture — bilateral transpedicular cannulation under biplanar fluoroscopy, cavity creation with the inflatable bone tamp, and low-pressure high-viscosity PMMA cement delivery for height restoration and kyphosis correction. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
C1-C2 Posterior Fusion (Harms/Goel-Harms Technique) - Surgical technique guide for C1-C2 Posterior Fusion (Harms/Goel-Harms Technique)
Cauda Equina Decompression - Emergency posterior lumbar decompression for cauda equina syndrome — the midline exposure and step-by-step laminectomy, the timing-of-surgery evidence across CES-R and CES-I, dural tear and wrong-level avoidance, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty (Total Disc Replacement) - Operative technique guide for cervical total disc arthroplasty as a motion-preserving alternative to ACDF for single- or two-level cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy from soft-disc herniation
Cervical Laminoplasty (Open-Door and French-Door) - Operative technique guide for open-door and French-door cervical laminoplasty in multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy and OPLL — canal expansion, hinge creation, mini-plate fixation, C2/C7 muscle preservation, C5 palsy prevention
Cervical Spinal Fusion (ACDF) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) - evidence-based approach for cervical degenerative disease
Cranial Tongs & Halo Application (Cervical Traction and Halo-Vest Immobilisation) - Surgical technique guide for Gardner-Wells tongs cervical traction and halo ring-vest immobilisation - pin safe zones, traction protocols, torque specifications, paediatric considerations and complication management
Lumbar Decompression for Spinal Stenosis - Surgical technique guide for Lumbar Decompression for Spinal Stenosis
Microscopic Lumbar Discectomy - How to perform a microscopic lumbar discectomy for a symptomatic disc herniation — prone positioning with a free abdomen, three-point level verification, the unilateral interlaminar exposure, thin-bone-then-Kerrison laminotomy, limited discectomy with mandatory foramen exploration, and recognition of the postoperative epidural haematoma. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Muscular Dystrophy Scoliosis - Posterior Spinal Fusion (T2-Pelvis) - Surgical technique guide for Muscular Dystrophy Scoliosis - Posterior Spinal Fusion (T2-Pelvis)
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty - Operative technique guide for percutaneous vertebroplasty in painful osteoporotic and selected pathological vertebral compression fractures — patient selection, transpedicular approach, PMMA cement injection under continuous fluoroscopy, cement leak detection and management
Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy (Keyhole) - Surgical technique guide for posterior cervical keyhole foraminotomy — open and minimally invasive tubular approaches for unilateral cervical radiculopathy, facet-preserving nerve root decompression, step-by-step operative technique, indications, complications and contrast with ACDF
Posterior Cervical Laminectomy - Surgical technique guide for Posterior Cervical Laminectomy
Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion for multilevel cervical myelopathy
Posterior Lumbar Decompression and Fusion (PLDF) - How to perform posterior lumbar decompression and instrumented fusion — the prone midline exposure step by step, pedicle screw insertion at the Magerl point with five-wall probing, the decompression-versus-fusion decision, dural tear management and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) - Operative technique guide for posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) — indications, posterior midline approach, wide laminectomy with bilateral facetectomy, thecal sac retraction, endplate preparation, dual cage insertion, pedicle screw-rod fixation, complications and post-operative rehabilitation
Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (PSF) - Surgical technique guide for Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (PSF)
Spinal Epidural Abscess — Surgical Decompression - Surgical technique guide for emergency decompression of a spinal epidural abscess — posterior laminectomy for dorsal collections, anterior debridement for ventral pus with vertebral osteomyelitis, indications, instrumentation, complications and post-operative rehabilitation
Spinal Osteotomy Techniques: PSO, VCR, and SPO - How to perform three-column spinal osteotomies for fixed deformity — Smith-Petersen (SPO), pedicle subtraction (PSO) and vertebral column resection (VCR) — with the posterior exposure laid out step by step, osteotomy selection, complications and the structured response to a neuromonitoring change. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Spinal Tuberculosis — Debridement and Fusion - How to perform radical anterior debridement, anterior column reconstruction and posterior instrumented fusion for Pott disease of the spine — indications, approach selection, step-by-step operative technique, graft and cage options, complications and post-operative management. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Spine Tumour Decompression and Stabilization - Surgical technique guide for metastatic spinal cord compression and primary spine tumour surgery - posterior decompression, separation surgery and pedicle-screw stabilization. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Spinopelvic Dissociation - Lumbopelvic Fixation - Comprehensive surgical technique for lumbopelvic fixation in spinopelvic dissociation - posterior instrumentation for U-type and H-type sacral fractures with Denis zone III involvement
Spondylolisthesis Reduction and Fusion - Surgical technique guide for instrumented reduction and fusion of high-grade isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis — posterior approach, wide decompression, pedicle-screw instrumentation, gradual slip reduction, interbody support and L5 nerve-root protection
Thoracic Disc Herniation — Discectomy - Surgical technique guide for discectomy in thoracic disc herniation — approach selection by herniation location, posterolateral (transpedicular/costotransversectomy), lateral extracavitary and transthoracic approaches, cord protection, level localisation, and management of calcified discs

Hand & Wrist — 42 procedures

hand (42 procedures)

Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN) Exploration and Decompression - Surgical technique for anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) exploration and decompression in the proximal forearm — the lazy-S volar exposure to the median nerve and AIN step by step, FDS arch release and Gantzer's excision, the observe-versus-operate decision for an AIN palsy, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Boutonnière Deformity — Reconstruction - Surgical technique guide for reconstruction of chronic boutonnière deformity — central-slip repair and reconstruction, lateral-band relocation, terminal-tendon tenotomy, and post-operative rehabilitation
Carpal Tunnel Release - Endoscopic Technique (Single Portal) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for single-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release (Agee technique) for advanced orthopaedic practice
Carpal Tunnel Release - Open & Endoscopic - How to perform carpal tunnel release - open and endoscopic - step by step: the ring-finger-axis palmar exposure, identifying and protecting the palmar cutaneous and recurrent motor branches, dividing the transverse carpal ligament distal-to-proximal in the midline, and the open-versus-endoscopic decision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Carpal Tunnel Release - Open Technique - Surgical technique guide for open carpal tunnel release - advanced orthopaedic practice operative-surgery preparation
Cubital Tunnel Decompression - How to decompress the ulnar nerve at the elbow — the lazy-S medial exposure laid out step by step, identification and protection of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the systematic release of all four compression sites, the simple decompression versus anterior transposition decision, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
De Quervain's Tenosynovitis - First Dorsal Compartment Release - Surgical technique guide for De Quervain's Tenosynovitis - First Dorsal Compartment Release
Digit Replantation - Microvascular replantation of an amputated digit — indications, operative sequence, arterial and venous anastomosis technique, vein grafting, post-operative monitoring, leech therapy, complications and rehabilitation
Distal Radius Corrective Osteotomy (Malunion) - Surgical technique guide for corrective osteotomy of distal radius malunion - volar opening-wedge and dorsal closing-wedge extra-articular osteotomy, intra-articular step correction, three-dimensional patient-specific planning, structural bone graft, and concurrent DRUJ management
DRUJ Procedures — Darrach, Sauvé-Kapandji & Ulnar Shortening - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for distal radioulnar joint procedures including Darrach resection arthroplasty, Sauvé-Kapandji arthrodesis with pseudarthrosis, ulnar shortening osteotomy for ulnar impaction syndrome, and TFCC anatomy
Dupuytren's Contracture - Comprehensive Management (Limited vs Radical Fasciectomy) - Surgical technique guide for Dupuytren's Contracture - Comprehensive Management (Limited vs Radical Fasciectomy)
Dupuytren's Fasciectomy - Regional (Segmental) Fasciectomy - Surgical technique guide for Dupuytren's Fasciectomy - Regional (Segmental) Fasciectomy
EIP-to-EPL Tendon Transfer (EPL Rupture) - Complete surgical technique guide for EIP-to-EPL tendon transfer for EPL rupture after distal radius fracture — includes EPL rupture aetiology, EIP anatomy, transfer technique, tension setting, and post-operative management
Extensor Tendon Repair (Zones I-VIII) - Comprehensive zone-specific surgical technique guide for extensor tendon injuries from DIP to forearm, covering acute repair, reconstruction, and zone-specific protocols
Finger Fracture Fixation (Phalangeal & Metacarpal) - Surgical technique guide for Finger Fracture Fixation covering metacarpal and phalangeal fractures
Fingertip Amputation and Coverage - Surgical technique guide for fingertip amputation reconstruction — healing by secondary intention, V-Y advancement flaps (Atasoy, Kutler), homodigital and cross-finger flaps, thenar flap, Moberg volar advancement flap for thumb pulp, revision (completion) amputation, and nail-bed germinal matrix preservation
First CMC Arthroplasty (Trapeziectomy ± LRTI) - How to perform trapeziectomy for basal thumb (first carpometacarpal) osteoarthritis — the Wagner volar exposure step by step, piecemeal trapeziectomy with radial artery protection, the trapeziectomy-alone vs LRTI vs suspensionplasty decision, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Flexor Tendon Repair - Zone 2 - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Zone 2 flexor tendon repair including multi-strand core suture techniques, pulley preservation strategies, and early active motion protocols for optimal functional outcomes
Flexor Tendon Repairs - All Zones (Zone 1-5) - Surgical technique guide for Flexor Tendon Repairs - All Zones (Zone 1-5)
Forearm Fasciotomy - Volar and Dorsal (Complete Release) - Surgical technique guide for Forearm Fasciotomy - Volar and Dorsal (Complete Release)
Galeazzi Fracture ORIF - Open reduction and internal fixation of Galeazzi fracture-dislocation — distal-third radial shaft fracture with disruption of the distal radioulnar joint: recognition of DRUJ instability, volar Henry approach, anatomic plate fixation, DRUJ assessment, and staged management of residual instability
Ganglion Cyst Excision - Dorsal Wrist - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for dorsal wrist ganglion cyst excision including stalk identification, scapholunate ligament protection, and superficial radial nerve preservation
Hand Infections — Surgical Drainage - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for hand infection drainage including flexor tenosynovitis (Kanavel's signs), deep space infections, paronychia, felon, web space abscess, and herpetic whitlow — organism selection, incision planning, and post-operative irrigation
Kienbock Disease — Surgical Management - Comprehensive operative guide for surgical management of Kienbock disease (lunate avascular necrosis) — the dorsal exposure step by step, radial and capitate shortening osteotomies, revascularisation, intercarpal fusion, proximal row carpectomy, and total wrist arthroplasty or fusion, guided by Lichtman stage and ulnar variance.
Mallet Finger — Management and Fixation - Management of terminal extensor tendon (mallet) injuries at the DIP joint - continuous extension splinting for tendinous and most bony mallets, with operative fixation (extension-block pinning, ORIF, pull-out suture) reserved for large bony fragments with volar subluxation or open injuries
Nail Bed & Fingertip Injury Repair - Surgical technique for nail bed and fingertip injury repair — when to trephine versus remove the nail plate, anatomical repair of the germinal and sterile matrix, the Seymour open physeal fracture, and Allen-zone fingertip reconstruction with V-Y advancement and other flaps. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Pollicization (Index Finger Transfer) - Surgical technique for index finger pollicization — creating a functional opposable thumb for congenital thumb hypoplasia (Blauth IIIB-V) or traumatic thumb loss, with metacarpal shortening, controlled rotation, intrinsic muscle reconstruction, and post-operative hand therapy
Pronator Syndrome Release - Median Nerve Decompression at Elbow/Forearm - How to decompress the median nerve in pronator syndrome — the volar exposure step by step, the four potential compression sites (ligament of Struthers, lacertus fibrosus, between the pronator heads, FDS arch), protecting the AIN and brachial artery, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fracture-Dislocation - Surgical technique guide for PIP joint fracture-dislocations: the volar Bruner exposure step by step, extension block pinning, ORIF, dynamic external fixation (Suzuki frame), volar plate arthroplasty, and hemi-hamate autograft. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Radial Styloidectomy - Surgical technique guide for radial styloidectomy — limited dorsoradial excision of the radial styloid process for localised radioscaphoid impingement, as an adjunct in stage I SLAC/SNAC wrist, scaphoid nonunion, and after proximal-row carpectomy — emphasising preservation of the radioscaphocapitate and long radiolunate ligament origins to avoid ulnar carpal translation
Rheumatoid Elbow Synovectomy & Radial Head Excision - Surgical technique guide for Rheumatoid Elbow Synovectomy & Radial Head Excision
Scaphoid Nonunion — Vascularised Bone Graft (1,2-ICSRA and Medial Femoral Condyle) - Operative technique for vascularised bone grafting of scaphoid nonunion with proximal pole AVN or humpback deformity — dorsal 1,2-ICSRA pedicled graft, volar pedicled and free MFC options, humpback correction, DISI reduction, headless compression screw fixation
Scaphoid ORIF - Dorsal Approach (Proximal Pole) - Surgical technique guide for Scaphoid ORIF - Dorsal Approach (Proximal Pole)
Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction - Dorsal Capsulodesis - Surgical technique guide for Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction - Dorsal Capsulodesis
Tendon Transfers for Median and Ulnar Nerve Palsy - Operative guide to tendon transfers for irreversible median and ulnar nerve palsies — the Brand EIP opponensplasty (median palsy workhorse) and the Zancolli lasso and FDS four-tail for ulnar claw correction, plus adductor reconstruction for Froment's sign. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tendon Transfers for Radial Nerve Palsy - Comprehensive operative technique for tendon transfers to restore wrist, finger and thumb extension in irreparable radial nerve or posterior interosseous nerve palsy — classic PT to ECRB, FCR to EDC, PL to EPL transfers, tensioning principles, donor selection and post-operative re-education
Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis - Surgical technique guide for arthrodesis of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint for painful arthritis, chronic instability, post-traumatic destruction and rheumatoid Z-collapse deformity — dorsal approach, joint preparation, fixation options, complication avoidance and rehabilitation
Thumb UCL Repair / Reconstruction (Stener Lesion) - Surgical technique guide for thumb UCL repair and reconstruction — acute Stener lesion repair with suture anchors and chronic reconstruction with free tendon graft
Trigger Finger / Thumb Release (A1 Pulley) - Surgical technique guide for A1 pulley release in trigger finger and trigger thumb - open and percutaneous techniques, digital nerve protection, paediatric considerations
Ulnar Nerve Decompression at Guyon's Canal - Surgical technique guide for Ulnar Nerve Decompression at Guyon's Canal
Wrist Arthrodesis (Total, 4-Corner & PRC) - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for total wrist arthrodesis, 4-corner fusion, and proximal row carpectomy — SLAC/SNAC staging, procedure selection, plate fixation, and outcomes for advanced orthopaedic practice
Wrist Arthroscopy - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for wrist arthroscopy — portals, TFCC repair, SL ligament assessment, ganglion decompression, and carpal instability evaluation for advanced orthopaedic practice

Foot & Ankle — 50 procedures

foot-ankle (50 procedures)

Achilles Tendon Repair - Open repair of an acute Achilles tendon rupture — the posteromedial exposure step by step, Krackow core suture with epitendinous reinforcement, paratenon closure, augmentation for chronic or large-gap rupture, and accelerated functional rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Ankle Arthrodesis - How to perform ankle (tibiotalar) arthrodesis — arthroscopic portal placement and the open anterior and transfibular exposures step by step, the non-negotiable four-point fusion position, screw versus plate versus retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal nail fixation, and the arthrodesis-versus-TAR decision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Ankle Arthroscopy - Surgical technique guide for anterior and posterior ankle arthroscopy — portal placement, nerve protection, distraction, impingement resection, osteochondral lesion treatment and loose body removal
Ankle Fracture ORIF - Trimalleolar - How to perform ORIF of a trimalleolar ankle fracture — the three-incision fibula-first exposure step by step, posterior malleolus fixation through the posterolateral interval, syndesmotic assessment and fixation, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Ankle Syndesmosis Fixation - Surgical technique guide for fixation of the disrupted distal tibiofibular syndesmosis in ankle fractures and high ankle sprains — intra-operative testing, reduction, screw versus suture-button fixation, malreduction recognition, and post-operative rehabilitation
Bunionette (Tailor's Bunion) Correction - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for correction of a bunionette (Tailor's bunion) — Coughlin classification, lateral condylectomy, distal chevron and diaphyseal/oblique rotational osteotomies, fixation, and post-op rehab
Charcot Neuroarthropathy — Foot Reconstruction - Surgical reconstruction of the Charcot (neuropathic) foot — Eichenholtz staging, superconstruct arthrodesis principles, midfoot and hindfoot deformity correction, exostectomy, fixation strategies, and total-contact casting for the insensate diabetic foot
Cheilectomy - Cheilectomy for hallux rigidus (Coughlin-Shurnas Grade I–II) — the dorsomedial approach to the first MTP joint step by step, the 30/70/50 resection rule, the intra-operative 70 degree dorsiflexion check, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Chevron Osteotomy for Mild Hallux Valgus - Surgical technique guide for Chevron Osteotomy for Mild Hallux Valgus
Chopart Amputation (Transverse Tarsal Amputation) - How to perform a Chopart (transverse tarsal) amputation - the long plantar racquet flap, preservation of the medial and lateral plantar neurovascular bundles, disarticulation through the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints, and the tendon balancing (Achilles lengthening plus tibialis anterior transfer) that prevents the equinoVARUS deformity. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Chronic Achilles Reconstruction with FHL Transfer - Operative technique for chronic Achilles tendon reconstruction using flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer — indications, harvest, gap bridging, interference screw fixation, complications and rehabilitation
Common Peroneal Nerve Decompression - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for common peroneal nerve decompression with anatomy, technique, and viva scenarios for advanced orthopaedic practice
Dwyer Calcaneal Osteotomy - Lateral closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy for cavovarus deformity for advanced orthopaedic practice
First MTPJ Arthrodesis - First metatarsophalangeal joint fusion for hallux rigidus and salvage for advanced orthopaedic practice
Flexor Digitorum Longus Transfer for Tibialis Posterior Dysfunction - Operative technique for flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer for flexible stage II adult-acquired flatfoot from posterior tibial tendon dysfunction - medial approach, FDL harvest, diseased PTT debridement, navicular fixation, and the mandatory combined medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy
Freiberg's Disease Surgical Management (Infraction of Lesser Metatarsal Head) - How to operate Freiberg's infraction of a lesser metatarsal head — the dorsal intermetatarsal exposure, the Smillie stage- and plantar-cartilage-driven procedure choice (cheilectomy, core decompression, dorsal closing wedge osteotomy, Weil osteotomy, MTP fusion), step-by-step technique, rehabilitation and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Gastrocnemius Recession (Strayer / Vulpius) - Surgical technique guide for gastrocnemius recession (Strayer aponeurotic release and Vulpius-Baker lengthening) for isolated gastrocnemius contracture — Silfverskiöld test, indications, posteromedial approach, sural nerve protection, postoperative rehabilitation and complications
Girdlestone-Taylor Flexor-to-Extensor Transfer (Claw Toe) - Surgical technique guide for the Girdlestone-Taylor flexor digitorum longus to extensor transfer for flexible clawed lesser toes - intrinsic-minus pathomechanics, indications, step-by-step transfer, MTP balancing, K-wire fixation, complications and rehabilitation
Haglund Deformity and Insertional Achilles Correction - Surgical technique guide for Haglund deformity correction with insertional Achilles tendinopathy — calcaneal prominence resection, tendon debridement and reattachment, Zadek osteotomy, sural nerve protection, and post-operative rehabilitation
Hallux Valgus Correction - Comprehensive Decision-Making Guide (Chevron, Scarf, Lapidus) - Surgical technique guide for Hallux Valgus Correction - Comprehensive Decision-Making Guide (Chevron, Scarf, Lapidus)
Jones Tendon Transfer (EHL to First Metatarsal) - How to perform the Jones tendon transfer — rerouting the extensor hallucis longus from the distal phalanx to the first metatarsal neck with concomitant interphalangeal fusion, to correct a claw hallux and augment weak ankle dorsiflexion in the Charcot-Marie-Tooth cavovarus foot. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Lapidus Procedure (1st TMT Arthrodesis for Hallux Valgus) - Surgical technique guide for Lapidus Procedure (1st TMT Arthrodesis for Hallux Valgus)
Lateral Column Lengthening (Evans Osteotomy) - Surgical technique guide for Evans anterior calcaneal osteotomy with structural graft for lateral column lengthening in flexible flatfoot correction — indications, step-by-step approach, graft selection, fixation, complications and post-operative rehabilitation
Lateral Ligament Reconstruction - Surgical reconstruction of chronic lateral ankle instability — the modified Broström (direct anatomic repair) with the Gould modification (inferior extensor retinaculum reinforcement) laid out step by step through the anterolateral exposure, plus internal brace augmentation and non-anatomic tenodesis (Chrisman-Snook, Watson-Jones) for salvage. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Lesser Toe Deformity Correction - How to correct hammer, claw and mallet toes — the dorsal PIPJ arthrodesis for rigidity, the Girdlestone-Taylor flexor-to-extensor transfer for the flexible claw toe, and DIPJ fusion for the mallet toe — with the Kelikian push-up test driving the decision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy (MDCO) - Operative technique for medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy to correct hindfoot valgus in flexible flatfoot and stage II PTTD — lateral oblique approach, osteotomy landmarks, medial translation technique, screw fixation, combination with FDL transfer and lateral column lengthening, complications and rehabilitation
Metatarsal Fracture ORIF - Central Rays - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of displaced central (2nd-4th) metatarsal fractures — the dorsal intermetatarsal exposure step by step, dorsalis pedis and superficial peroneal nerve protection, the plate vs intramedullary screw vs K-wire decision, rotation and the metatarsal parabola. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Morton's Neuroma Excision - How to excise an interdigital (Morton's) neuroma — the dorsal approach laid out step by step, division of the deep transverse metatarsal ligament to expose the neuroma plantar to it, the 3 cm proximal transection that prevents stump neuroma, and the dorsal versus plantar evidence. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Ankle Fracture - Operative technique for ORIF of ankle fractures — the fibula-first fixation sequence, lateral and medial exposures with their danger structures, syndesmotic assessment under fluoroscopy, and posterior malleolar fixation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
ORIF Lisfranc Injury (Tarsometatarsal Fracture-Dislocation) - Surgical technique guide for ORIF of Lisfranc (tarsometatarsal) fracture-dislocation — the dual dorsal exposure step by step, the medial-column-first reduction sequence, fixation options and the ORIF-versus-primary-arthrodesis debate. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Peroneal Tendon Repair & Groove Deepening - Surgical technique for peroneal tendon repair with superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR) reconstruction and selective retromalleolar groove deepening — the lateral approach posterior to the fibula step by step, sural nerve protection, the tendon-repair algorithm, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Peroneal Tendon Repair/Reconstruction - How to repair and reconstruct the peroneal tendons — the direct posterolateral exposure over the retrofibular groove, sural-nerve protection, the Krause-Brodsky 50 percent rule (tubularize versus tenodesis), superior peroneal retinaculum reconstruction and groove deepening, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Plantar Fascia Release (Open/Endoscopic) + Baxter's Nerve Decompression - How to release the plantar fascia for recalcitrant plantar fasciitis — the open medial approach at the plantar/non-plantar skin junction step by step, partial (medial one-third to one-half) release only to avoid arch collapse, Baxter's nerve decompression, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction - Surgical Reconstruction - How to reconstruct the failed posterior tibial tendon — the FDL transfer to the navicular plus medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO), the medial exposure step by step, stage-based decision-making (flexible versus rigid), and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Rheumatoid Forefoot Reconstruction - Comprehensive operative guide for reconstruction of the rheumatoid forefoot — first MTP arthrodesis combined with lesser metatarsal head resection (Hoffmann) or Weil shortening osteotomies and claw toe correction, including immunosuppression considerations and post-operative rehabilitation
Scarf and Akin Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus - How to perform the scarf Z-osteotomy of the first metatarsal with an Akin osteotomy of the proximal phalanx for hallux valgus — the dorsomedial exposure step by step, troughing prevention, the stepwise lateral release, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Scarf Osteotomy for Moderate-Severe Hallux Valgus - Surgical technique guide for Scarf Osteotomy for Moderate-Severe Hallux Valgus
Subtalar Arthrodesis - Isolated subtalar joint fusion via the lateral sinus tarsi approach — exposure and operative steps, the 0–5 degree valgus heel-alignment target, screw fixation, complications and viva points. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Supramalleolar Osteotomy (Distal Tibia Realignment) - Joint-preserving realignment osteotomy of the distal tibia for asymmetric varus or valgus ankle osteoarthritis — indications, pre-operative planning, medial opening-wedge and lateral closing-wedge techniques, fibular osteotomy, plate fixation, complications, and rehabilitation
Syme Amputation (Ankle Disarticulation) - Surgical technique guide for Syme ankle disarticulation for unsalvageable hindfoot/forefoot disease, detailing the exposure, subperiosteal calcaneal dissection, heel pad preservation and anchoring, and prosthetic fitting.
Tarsal Navicular Fracture ORIF - Open reduction and internal fixation of tarsal navicular fractures — Sangeorzan body fractures, tuberosity avulsions, and high-risk stress fractures in athletes — recognising the navicular as the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch and its watershed central blood supply that predisposes to avascular necrosis and nonunion
Tarsal Tunnel Release (Posterior Tibial Nerve Decompression) - How to perform a complete tarsal tunnel release — the medial curvilinear exposure from 8 cm above the malleolus to the navicular tuberosity, division of both layers of the flexor retinaculum, the critical abductor hallucis release, the three nerve branches, and evidence-based outcomes. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tarsometatarsal (TMT) Arthrodesis - Isolated or Multi-Ray - How to perform tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) arthrodesis - isolated or multi-ray - via dual dorsal longitudinal incisions with meticulous dorsalis pedis and deep peroneal nerve protection, fish-scale joint preparation, tripod foot alignment, and selective fusion that preserves the mobile lateral column. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tendo-Achilles Lengthening - Tendo-Achilles lengthening — the percutaneous Hoke triple hemisection, the Vulpius V-Y gastrocnemius recession, and the open Z-plasty — for equinus contracture in cerebral palsy, the diabetic foot, clubfoot and Charcot. Silfverskiold-guided technique selection, the full step-by-step operative sequence, sural-nerve protection, and over-lengthening avoidance. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer (Whole / Split) - Surgical technique guide for whole and split anterior tibial tendon transfer — SPLATT for relapsed idiopathic clubfoot after Ponseti correction and for dynamic supination in cerebral palsy and stroke, harvest of the TA insertion, rerouting and bony fixation under tension, concurrent tendo-Achilles lengthening
Tibialis Posterior Tendon Transfer for Foot Drop - Surgical technique guide for tibialis posterior tendon transfer through the interosseous membrane to the dorsum of the foot for foot drop from common peroneal nerve palsy, leprosy, or irreversible anterior compartment loss
Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis (Hindfoot Nail) - Surgical technique guide for tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis using a retrograde hindfoot intramedullary nail for combined tibiotalar and subtalar arthritis, failed total ankle replacement, Charcot hindfoot, avascular talus and severe hindfoot deformity
Total Ankle Replacement (Tibiotalar Arthroplasty) - Surgical technique guide for total ankle replacement in end-stage tibiotalar arthritis — anterior approach, mobile-bearing versus fixed-bearing designs, alignment, gutter management, complications and registry outcomes
Triple Arthrodesis - Triple arthrodesis (subtalar, talonavicular, calcaneocuboid) — the dual-incision Ollier lateral plus medial exposure step by step, joint-by-joint cartilage removal and fixation, the 0-5 degree valgus alignment target, and the long-term outcome evidence. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Weil Osteotomy for Lesser Metatarsalgia and Metatarsal Length Abnormalities - Oblique metatarsal neck osteotomy parallel to the weight-bearing surface for transfer metatarsalgia, plantar plate insufficiency and metatarsal length discrepancy

Sports Medicine — 29 procedures

sports-medicine (29 procedures)

ACL Reconstruction - Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone (BTB) Autograft - Surgical technique guide for ACL Reconstruction - Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone (BTB) Autograft
ACL Reconstruction - Hamstring Autograft (4-Strand) - How to perform arthroscopic anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with a 4-strand hamstring autograft via the trans-anteromedial portal — hamstring harvest, anatomic femoral and tibial tunnel placement, suspensory fixation, tensioning and criteria-based return to sport. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
ACL Reconstruction Technique - How to perform anatomic ACL reconstruction — the arthroscopic exposure and portal setup, femoral and tibial tunnel placement at the native footprints, graft selection (BTB, hamstring, quadriceps, allograft), fixation and tensioning, rehabilitation and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
ACL Reconstruction with Quadriceps Tendon Autograft - Operative technique for anatomic ACL reconstruction using quadriceps tendon autograft — graft harvest with or without bone block, anatomic femoral and tibial tunnel placement via anteromedial portal, suspensory versus aperture fixation, tensioning, impingement check, complications and evidence-based rehabilitation
Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy - Surgical technique guide for Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) - Comprehensive guide to autologous chondrocyte implantation and MACI - two-stage cartilage repair, indications, surgical technique, and outcomes for orthopaedic examination
High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) - Medial Opening Wedge - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy, including planning, fixation, and lateral hinge fracture management, for advanced orthopaedic practice
High Tibial Osteotomy with Concurrent ACL Reconstruction - Medial Opening Wedge - How to perform a medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy combined with ACL reconstruction for the ACL-deficient varus knee — the anteromedial exposure step by step, Fujisawa-point correction, posterior-slope control, and the post-HTO tunnel sequence. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) - How to perform hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement — the supine traction setup and portal placement laid out step by step, anterolateral and mid-anterior portal access with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve protection, acetabular rim trimming with labral refixation, femoral osteochondroplasty protecting the lateral retinacular vessels, complications and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Lateral Retinacular Release - Surgical technique for open and arthroscopic lateral retinacular release of the knee - the narrow modern indication for isolated excessive lateral patellar tilt, the lengthening alternative, and the danger of iatrogenic medial instability
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Repair and Reconstruction - Surgical technique guide for MCL repair and anatomic reconstruction in acute and chronic medial knee instability — approach, saphenous nerve protection, primary repair versus graft reconstruction, combined cruciate surgery
Meniscal Allograft Transplantation (MAT) - Surgical technique guide for meniscal allograft transplantation in the symptomatic post-meniscectomy knee - indications, graft sizing, bone-plug versus soft-tissue fixation, arthroscopic-assisted implantation, concurrent procedures, outcomes and complications
Meniscal Repair - All-Inside and Inside-Out Techniques - Surgical technique guide for Meniscal Repair - All-Inside and Inside-Out Techniques
Microfracture and Bone-Marrow Stimulation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus - Surgical technique guide for arthroscopic microfracture and marrow stimulation of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) — indications by lesion size, anterior arthroscopic approach, debridement, microfracture technique, fibrocartilage formation, medial malleolar osteotomy considerations, complications and rehabilitation
Microfracture Technique - Comprehensive guide to microfracture for articular cartilage repair — marrow-stimulation technique, patient selection, operative steps, rehabilitation and outcomes for the orthopaedic exam
MPFL Reconstruction - Surgical technique guide for Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) Reconstruction
Multiligament Knee Reconstruction (Knee Dislocation) - Surgical technique guide for multiligament knee reconstruction following knee dislocation — Schenck classification, vascular and neurological assessment, timing, graft selection, tunnel convergence avoidance, fixation sequence, complications and rehabilitation
Osteochondral Allograft (OCA) - Comprehensive guide to fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation - indications, storage, surgical technique, and outcomes for orthopaedic examination
Osteochondral Autograft Transfer (OATS) - Comprehensive guide to osteochondral autograft transfer system - mosaicplasty technique, indications, donor sites, and outcomes for orthopaedic examination
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee — Fixation - Surgical technique guide for internal fixation of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the knee — arthroscopic and open approaches, headless compression screws, bioabsorbable fixation, subchondral drilling, fragment salvage in juvenile and adult patients
Patellar Tendon Repair - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for acute patellar tendon repair — the midline anterior-knee exposure laid out step by step, transosseous versus suture-anchor fixation, the essential augmentation that protects the repair, patellar-height restoration, and the chronic-rupture reconstruction options. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
PCL Reconstruction - How to reconstruct the posterior cruciate ligament — the dashboard-injury injury, the posterior drawer and grading, the transtibial 'killer turn' versus the tibial inlay, single versus double bundle, graft choice and the combined PCL-plus-posterolateral-corner case. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Posterolateral Corner (PLC) Reconstruction of the Knee - Surgical technique guide for anatomic posterolateral corner reconstruction — LaPrade fibular-and-tibial-based technique, common peroneal nerve protection, combined cruciate and osteotomy considerations, graft selection and fixation
Primary Quadriceps Tendon Repair with Suture Anchor Technique - Complete surgical technique guide for Primary Quadriceps Tendon Repair using suture anchors - advanced orthopaedic practice Orth exam preparation with anatomy, Krackow suture technique, rehabilitation protocol, and viva scenarios
Quadriceps Tendon Repair - Complete surgical technique guide for Quadriceps Tendon Repair including transosseous technique, augmentation strategies, and rehabilitation - advanced orthopaedic practice Orth exam preparation
Remplissage for Engaging Hill-Sachs Lesions - Arthroscopic remplissage technique for engaging Hill-Sachs lesions in anterior shoulder instability — glenoid track concept, combined Bankart repair, infraspinatus tenodesis and posterior capsulodesis, indications relative to glenoid bone loss thresholds, complications and rehabilitation
Revision ACL Reconstruction - How to perform revision ACL reconstruction — failure analysis, CT tunnel assessment, the one-stage versus two-stage decision, graft selection, anatomic tunnel drilling through the anteromedial portal, and anterolateral augmentation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Tibial Spine (Intercondylar Eminence) Fracture Fixation - Arthroscopic-assisted reduction and fixation of tibial spine avulsion fractures — Meyers and McKeever classification, physeal-sparing techniques, suture versus screw fixation, complications and rehab
Trochleoplasty for Patellar Instability - Surgical technique guide for sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty in severe high-grade trochlear dysplasia (Dejour B/D) for recurrent lateral patellar instability

Shoulder & Elbow — 39 procedures

shoulder (39 procedures)

ACJ Reconstruction / Stabilisation - Surgical technique guide for acromioclavicular joint reconstruction and stabilisation — Rockwood classification, Weaver-Dunn, suspensory fixation (Dog-Bone/TightRope), and acute vs chronic management for advanced orthopaedic practice
Adult Monteggia Fracture-Dislocation — ORIF - Surgical technique for open reduction and internal fixation of adult Monteggia fracture-dislocation — Bado classification, plate fixation of the proximal ulna with indirect radial-head reduction, management of associated radial-head and coronoid fractures, complications including posterior interosseous nerve palsy and recurrent instability
Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty - Surgical technique guide for Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability - Surgical technique guide for Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability
Arthroscopic Capsular Shift / Plication for Shoulder Instability - Operative technique for arthroscopic capsular shift and plication in multidirectional and capsular-redundancy shoulder instability — patient selection, balanced plication, rotator interval closure, drive-through sign assessment, axillary nerve protection, and comparison with open inferior capsular shift
Arthroscopic Posterior Labral Repair (Posterior Shoulder Instability) - Arthroscopic reverse Bankart repair and posterior capsular plication for posterior shoulder instability - indications, portal placement, anchor technique, bone loss assessment, complications and rehabilitation
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair - Double Row / Transosseous Equivalent (TOE) Suture Bridge Technique - How to perform an arthroscopic double-row transosseous-equivalent (TOE) suture-bridge rotator cuff repair — beach-chair setup and portal placement, complete bursectomy, mobilisation, medial-row anchors at the articular margin and the knotless lateral-row suture bridge, with rehab and complications. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair - Single Row Technique - Surgical technique guide for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair - Single Row Technique
Arthroscopic SLAP Repair (Shoulder) - Operative technique guide for arthroscopic superior labrum anterior-to-posterior (SLAP) repair — Snyder classification, distinguishing true type II lesions from normal variants, suture anchor technique, role of biceps tenodesis, rehabilitation and return to overhead sport
Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression (Acromioplasty) for Impingement Syndrome - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for arthroscopic subacromial decompression - evidence-based approach for external shoulder impingement
Biceps Tenodesis / Tenotomy (LHB) - Surgical technique guide for Long Head of Biceps Tenodesis and Tenotomy
Calcific Tendinitis of the Shoulder - Barbotage and arthroscopic excision of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder — the subacromial exposure and portal anatomy laid out step by step, the barbotage versus arthroscopic decision, the greater-than-50% rotator cuff repair threshold, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Capitellum and Coronal Shear Fracture ORIF - Surgical technique guide for open reduction and internal fixation of capitellar and coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus — lateral approach, headless compression screw fixation, fragment-specific decisions and early motion
Clavicle ORIF (Midshaft & Distal) - Surgical technique guide for Clavicle ORIF covering midshaft (Allman Group I) and distal (Neer IIA/IIB) fractures
Distal Biceps Tendon Repair - How to repair a distal biceps tendon rupture — the single anterior (modified Boyd-Anderson) exposure laid out step by step with the radial tuberosity approach, cortical-button fixation, the supination manoeuvre that protects the posterior interosseous nerve, single versus two-incision decision, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Distal Clavicle Excision (Mumford Procedure) - Open and arthroscopic distal clavicle excision (Mumford procedure) for ACJ osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, and distal clavicle osteolysis
Distal Humerus ORIF - Distal humerus ORIF — intra-articular bicolumnar fracture fixation
Elbow Arthroscopy - Elbow arthroscopy — portals, OCD, loose bodies, contracture release
Latarjet / Coracoid Transfer for Anterior Shoulder Instability - Surgical technique guide for the Latarjet coracoid transfer procedure for anterior shoulder instability with significant glenoid bone loss
McLaughlin Procedure (Locked Posterior Shoulder Dislocation) - Surgical technique guide for the McLaughlin procedure and its modifications (modified Neer / Hawkins) for chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocation with an engaging reverse Hill-Sachs defect - subscapularis or lesser tuberosity transfer into the anteromedial humeral head impaction
Mini-Open Rotator Cuff Repair - Surgical technique guide for Mini-Open Rotator Cuff Repair
Open Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability - Surgical technique guide for Open Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability - deltopectoral approach, subscapularis takedown, capsulolabral repair. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Open Rotator Cuff Repair - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Open Rotator Cuff Repair including deltoid-splitting and deltopectoral approaches
ORIF Olecranon - ORIF olecranon fracture — tension band wiring and plate fixation
Pectoralis Major Tendon Repair - Acute and Chronic Reconstruction - How to repair a pectoralis major tendon rupture - the deltopectoral exposure step by step, mobilising the retracted sternal head, preparing the lateral lip of the bicipital groove, suture-anchor fixation at the 45-degree 'deadman' angle, augmentation in chronic and high-demand cases, and the strict 6-week protection protocol. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Posterior Bone Block / Posterior Shoulder Instability - Posterior Bankart repair, bone block (Eden-Hybinette), and posterior capsulorrhaphy for posterior shoulder instability
Radial Head Arthroplasty (RHA) - Surgical technique guide for Radial Head Arthroplasty (RHA) — Kocher approach, terrible triad and Essex-Lopresti. advanced orthopaedic practice operative-surgery preparation.
Radial Nerve Exploration - Radial nerve exploration — humeral shaft, posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA) - How to perform reverse shoulder arthroplasty through the deltopectoral approach — the Grammont design rationale, inferior glenoid exposure and baseplate positioning step by step, scapular notching prevention, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Reverse TSA Revision - Surgical technique guide for Reverse TSA Revision
Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty to Reverse - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for revision of failed shoulder arthroplasty to reverse total shoulder replacement
Shoulder Arthrodesis - Glenohumeral arthrodesis for brachial plexus palsy, failed arthroplasty, irreparable rotator cuff with deltoid loss, infection, and flail shoulder
Shoulder Arthroplasty Revision - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for revision shoulder arthroplasty including anatomic TSA and conversion to reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty - Deltopectoral Approach - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for shoulder hemiarthroplasty via deltopectoral approach for proximal humerus fractures and glenohumeral arthritis
Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis - Open subpectoral biceps tenodesis technique for long head of biceps tendinopathy, instability and partial tears — axillary-fold incision, groove debridement, interference screw or cortical button fixation, length-tension restoration, nerve protection
Tennis Elbow Release - Lateral epicondyle release (open + arthroscopic) for tennis elbow
Total Elbow Replacement - Total elbow replacement (linked, unlinked, semiconstrained) — the Bryan-Morrey triceps-on exposure and operative sequence step by step, linked versus unlinked implant selection, lifetime activity restrictions, complications and revision. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Triceps Tendon Repair - How to repair a distal triceps tendon rupture — the posterior exposure step by step, suture-anchor versus transosseous tunnel fixation, tensioning at 30–40° flexion, augmentation for chronic tears, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Ulnar Nerve Anterior Transposition (Subcutaneous / Submuscular) - Surgical technique guide for anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel syndrome where simple in-situ decompression is insufficient — subcutaneous, intramuscular and submuscular (Learmonth) techniques, nerve mobilisation with blood supply preservation, and management of revision and complex cases

Paediatrics — 28 procedures

paediatric (28 procedures)

Cerebral Palsy — Adductor Release for Hip Subluxation - Operative technique guide for open adductor longus, gracilis and selective brevis tenotomy with iliopsoas lengthening via medial groin approach for spastic hip displacement in cerebral palsy — indications, hip surveillance thresholds, nerve protection and combined bony reconstruction
Cerebral Palsy — Hamstring Lengthening for Crouch Gait - How to lengthen the medial and lateral hamstrings for flexed-knee crouch gait in cerebral palsy — the posteromedial exposure step by step, Z-lengthening of semitendinosus and gracilis, fractional lengthening of semimembranosus, tibial nerve and popliteal vessel protection, the rectus femoris transfer decision, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Clubfoot (CTEV) — Ponseti Method & Posteromedial Release - Surgical technique guide for congenital talipes equinovarus - Ponseti manipulation and casting, percutaneous Achilles tenotomy, foot abduction bracing, tibialis anterior transfer, and posteromedial release for resistant deformity
Congenital Muscular Torticollis - Sternocleidomastoid Release - Surgical technique guide for sternocleidomastoid release in congenital muscular torticollis - unipolar and bipolar release, danger structures, paediatric considerations and the exclusion of non-muscular torticollis
Congenital Vertical Talus — Surgical Correction - Surgical correction of congenital vertical talus (CVT), the rigid rocker-bottom flatfoot with an irreducible dorsal talonavicular dislocation and fixed hindfoot equinus — the reverse-Ponseti (Dobbs) method of serial casting, tendo-Achilles tenotomy and percutaneous talonavicular pinning, with the historical extensive single-stage soft-tissue release as the alternative
Cubitus Varus Correction (Supracondylar Osteotomy) - How to perform a supracondylar corrective osteotomy for cubitus varus (gunstock deformity) — the lateral (modified Kocher) exposure step by step, guide-wire templating, the lateral closing-wedge cut with an intact medial hinge, fixation with crossed K-wires or a lateral plate, and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
DDH Open Reduction (Medial & Anterior Approaches) - Surgical technique guide for open reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants and young children - medial (Ludloff/Ferguson) versus anterior (Smith-Petersen/bikini) approach selection, obstacles to reduction, capsulorrhaphy, concurrent femoral and pelvic osteotomy, spica casting and avascular necrosis
Epiphysiodesis for Leg-Length Discrepancy - Operative-surgery guide to permanent growth-plate arrest for leg-length discrepancy — timing and growth prediction (Green-Anderson, Moseley, Paley), the percutaneous drill-and-curette exposure step by step, Phemister and PETS alternatives, and complications. advanced orthopaedic practice.
Femoral Varus Derotation Osteotomy (VDRO) - Surgical technique guide for proximal femoral varus derotation osteotomy - correction of excessive femoral anteversion and coxa valga to improve hip containment in DDH, Perthes, and neuromuscular hip subluxation
Guided Growth / Hemiepiphysiodesis (Tension-Band Plating) - Surgical technique guide for temporary hemiepiphysiodesis with tension-band plating (eight-Plate) for paediatric coronal and sagittal angular deformity - growth-plate principles, CORA planning, overcorrection avoidance, reversibility and rebound
Hip Spica Cast Application - Surgical technique guide for Hip Spica Cast Application
Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy — Reconstruction - Surgical technique guide for primary and secondary reconstruction in obstetric brachial plexus palsy — nerve grafting, nerve transfers, tendon transfers, humeral derotation osteotomy
Paediatric Both-Bone Forearm Fracture — Flexible Intramedullary Nailing - Surgical technique guide for flexible intramedullary nailing of displaced paediatric both-bone forearm fractures — antegrade ulnar and retrograde radial insertion, radial bow restoration, physis protection, and complication avoidance
Paediatric Femoral Shaft Fracture — Flexible Intramedullary Nailing - How to perform titanium elastic (flexible) intramedullary nailing of a paediatric femoral shaft fracture — the retrograde distal-entry exposure step by step, pre-bent nail and balanced three-point fixation principles, length-stable fracture selection, end-cap use, and complication avoidance. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Paediatric Lateral Humeral Condyle Fracture ORIF - Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced paediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures — Kocher lateral approach, posterior soft-tissue preservation, K-wire or screw fixation, Milch and Weiss classification, nonunion risk and complications
Paediatric Medial Epicondyle Fracture ORIF - Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced paediatric medial humeral epicondyle (apophyseal avulsion) fractures - absolute and relative indications, the medial approach with ulnar nerve protection, single cannulated screw fixation, and the displacement-threshold controversy
Paediatric Radial Neck Fracture Management - Surgical technique guide for management of paediatric radial neck (proximal radial physis) fractures — Judet classification, closed reduction manoeuvres (Patterson, percutaneous push), Métaizeau intramedullary elastic nailing, open reduction, AVN prevention, and rehabilitation
Pelvic Osteotomies — A Comparative Overview - Comparative overview of pelvic osteotomies for hip dysplasia - redirectional (Salter, triple, periacetabular/PAO), reshaping (Pemberton, Dega) and salvage (Chiari, shelf/Staheli) procedures, with selection by triradiate status, congruity and age
Pemberton & Dega Acetabuloplasty - Surgical technique guide for incomplete pericapsular acetabular reshaping osteotomies in developmental dysplasia of the hip - Pemberton (triradiate hinge) and Dega (posterior cortex hinge), indications, anatomy, technique, complications
Perthes Containment Surgery (Femoral & Pelvic Osteotomy) - Surgical technique guide for containment surgery in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease - femoral varus osteotomy, Salter pelvic osteotomy, combined and salvage procedures, prognostic factors and the containment principle
Physeal Bar Resection - Surgical technique for resection of partial physeal bars (bony bridges) across injured growth plates to halt progressive angular deformity or limb-length discrepancy in skeletally immature children — pre-operative mapping, approach, interposition, and outcomes
Salter Innominate Osteotomy - Surgical technique guide for the Salter innominate osteotomy - redirectional single pelvic osteotomy for developmental dysplasia of the hip and residual acetabular dysplasia, with operative steps, danger zones and comparison with Pemberton and Dega osteotomies
SCFE — Modified Dunn Procedure (Surgical Hip Dislocation and Subcapital Realignment) - Operative technique guide for the modified Dunn procedure in moderate-to-severe and unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis — Ganz surgical hip dislocation, retinacular flap development, subcapital realignment, and epiphyseal blood supply protection
Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) for Spastic Cerebral Palsy - Surgical technique guide for Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) for Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Sprengel Deformity Correction - Operative technique guide for surgical correction of Sprengel deformity (congenital elevated scapula) - the Woodward and Green procedures, omovertebral bone excision, supraspinous resection, clavicular osteotomy, brachial plexus protection, and paediatric considerations
SUFE Pinning - In Situ Fixation with Single Central Screw - Comprehensive advanced orthopaedic practiceination guide to in situ screw fixation for slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE/SCFE), including Loder classification, Southwick angle measurement, screw positioning, and AVN prevention strategies
Supracondylar Humeral Osteotomy for Cubitus Varus - Comprehensive surgical technique guide for corrective osteotomy of cubitus varus deformity following malunited supracondylar fractures
Tarsal Coalition Resection - Calcaneonavicular and Talocalcaneal - Comprehensive surgical technique for resection of calcaneonavicular and talocalcaneal coalitions with muscle interposition to restore subtalar motion in symptomatic rigid flatfoot

Oncology — 22 procedures

oncology (22 procedures)

Allograft Reconstruction after Bone Tumour Resection - Surgical technique for structural fresh-frozen allograft reconstruction of segmental bone defects after wide resection of bone sarcomas and aggressive benign tumours — intercalary, osteoarticular and allograft-prosthesis composite options, fixation principles, junction union strategies and complication management
Allograft-Prosthetic Composite (APC) Reconstruction - How to perform an allograft-prosthetic composite reconstruction after bone-tumour resection — cementing a long-stem prosthesis into a structural allograft, the step-cut and plate host-allograft junction, the abductor and patellar-tendon reattachment that is the biological advantage over a megaprosthesis, junction nonunion and allograft fracture management, and the APC-versus-megaprosthesis-versus-osteoarticular decision. advanced orthopaedic practice / ABOT operative-surgery guide.
Amputation for Tumour (Forequarter, Hindquarter & Rotationplasty) - Surgical technique guide for amputation in musculoskeletal oncology - oncological principles, forequarter (Berger), hindquarter (external hemipelvectomy), transfemoral/transtibial amputation, and Van Nes rotationplasty
CT-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Osteoid Osteoma - How to perform percutaneous CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of an osteoid osteoma nidus — confirming the classic lucent nidus, planning a safe drill trajectory, electrode placement, the 90 °C for 6 minute ablation dose, thermal safety margins greater than 1 cm from the cord and nerves, and the fracture risk in weight-bearing cortex. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Curettage, Local Adjuvant & Reconstruction (GCT and benign-aggressive bone lesions) - How to perform intralesional extended curettage of benign-aggressive bone lesions — the cortical window, high-speed burr, local adjuvants (phenol, cryotherapy, PMMA), cavity reconstruction, and giant cell tumour specifics including denosumab. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Tumour Megaprosthesis) - Surgical technique guide for modular endoprosthetic replacement after segmental bone resection for primary bone sarcoma and metastatic disease - proximal femur, distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus, Henderson failure modes, soft-tissue reconstruction
Endoprosthetic Replacement of the Distal Femur (Megaprosthesis) - Surgical technique guide for distal femoral megaprosthesis replacement after tumour resection or catastrophic bone loss — the medial parapatellar exposure laid out step by step, modular rotating-hinge implants, cemented and compress fixation, oncologic margins, extensor mechanism reconstruction, complications and rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Expandable (Growing) Endoprosthesis in the Skeletally Immature - How to reconstruct a periphyseal bone sarcoma in a growing child with an expandable endoprosthesis — distal femoral resection and hinged reconstruction step by step, minimally invasive versus non-invasive electromagnetic lengthening, predicting and managing limb-length discrepancy, and the decision against rotationplasty and amputation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Forequarter (Interscapulothoracic) Amputation - How to perform a forequarter (interscapulothoracic) amputation for an unresectable shoulder-girdle or proximal-humeral tumour — the clavicle-first anterior (Berger) exposure, early subclavian vascular control, brachial-plexus division, scapular detachment and chest-wall flap cover, with phantom-pain management and the limb-salvage (Tikhoff-Linberg) contrast. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Hindquarter Amputation (External Hemipelvectomy) - How to perform an external hemipelvectomy (hindquarter amputation) for an unresectable pelvic or proximal-thigh sarcoma — the classic posterior gluteal flap and the anterior quadriceps flap alternative, iliac vessel control, division of the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joint, durable flap cover, complications and contrast with internal hemipelvectomy. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Intercalary Resection and Reconstruction for Diaphyseal Tumours - How to perform an intercalary (joint-preserving) resection and reconstruction for a diaphyseal bone sarcoma — wide en-bloc resection with the adjacent joints preserved, the four reconstructions (structural allograft, vascularised fibula, Capanna composite, intercalary spacer), fixation and the dominant complications of nonunion, graft fracture and infection. advanced orthopaedic practice / ABOT operative-surgery guide.
Internal Hemipelvectomy (Periacetabular / Enneking Type II Resection) - How to perform a limb-sparing periacetabular (Enneking Type II) internal hemipelvectomy for pelvic sarcoma — the ilioinguinal/utilitarian exposure with iliac-vessel and femoral-nerve control, the pubic, ischial and supracetabular osteotomies, en-bloc resection, reconstruction options (saddle, custom/3D-printed endoprosthesis, hip transposition, allograft-composite, flail hip) and the high blood-loss and infection burden. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Musculoskeletal Tumour Biopsy — Principles & Technique - Surgical technique guide for biopsy of bone and soft-tissue tumours - core needle vs open incisional vs excisional biopsy, tract planning, sarcoma centre principles, and the consequences of poorly-executed biopsy
Prophylactic Fixation of Metastatic Bone Disease (Impending Fracture) - How to prevent a pathological fracture — the Mirels score and the threshold to fix, the whole-bone fixation principle (long cephalomedullary nail spanning the femur), cement augmentation of lytic defects, pre-operative embolisation of vascular metastases, the fixation-versus-endoprosthesis decision, and adjuvant radiotherapy plus bone-targeted systemic therapy. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Femoral Endoprosthetic Replacement for Tumour - How to perform a modular proximal femoral replacement (megaprosthesis) after wide resection of a proximal femoral tumour — biopsy-tract planning and Enneking margins, the extended lateral exposure and the structures at risk, modular implant assembly with a bipolar or dual-mobility articulation, abductor and capsule reconstruction to restore abduction and cut the high dislocation rate, complications and adjuvant therapy timing. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Humeral Endoprosthetic Replacement for Tumour - How to perform a proximal humeral endoprosthetic replacement after wide tumour resection — the deltopectoral or extended exposure step by step, the critical decision to preserve or sacrifice the axillary nerve and deltoid, modular cemented prosthesis with synthetic mesh soft-tissue reconstruction, allograft-prosthetic composite as an alternative, and the functional outcome (stable shoulder, functional hand, limited active elevation). advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Proximal Tibial Endoprosthetic Replacement for Tumour - How to perform a wide resection of the proximal tibia for an osteosarcoma and reconstruct it with a modular endoprosthesis — the two signature problems (extensor-mechanism reconstruction and soft-tissue cover), the medial gastrocnemius flap that solves both, the rotating-hinge articulation, protection of the neurovascular bundle and common peroneal nerve, complications and rehab. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Rotationplasty (Van Nes) for Distal Femoral / Knee Tumours - How to perform a Van Nes (Borggreve) rotationplasty for a distal femoral or proximal tibial sarcoma in a skeletally immature child — wide resection of the tumour and knee, 180-degree rotation of the distal limb so the ankle becomes a knee, with sciatic nerve and vessel preservation, femorotibial fixation and prosthetic rehabilitation. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Sacral and Pelvic Tumour Resection (Internal Hemipelvectomy) - Operative technique guide for internal hemipelvectomy and sacrectomy for primary pelvic and sacral tumours — Enneking zones, staged anterior-posterior approaches, margin planning, neurovascular control, reconstruction options and functional trade-offs
Total En-Bloc Spondylectomy for Spinal Tumour (Tomita Technique) - How to perform total en-bloc spondylectomy for an isolated primary or solitary metastatic spinal tumour — the piecemeal-versus-en-bloc oncological principle, WBB staging and the Tomita score, the posterior-only Tomita technique with pediculotomy and the threadwire saw (T-saw), cord and great-vessel protection, anterior column reconstruction, and the local-control rationale. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Wide / Compartmental Excision of Soft-Tissue Sarcoma - How to perform a wide excision of an extremity soft-tissue sarcoma with an oncological margin — image-guided core biopsy along a resectable tract, the en-bloc principle of taking a continuous cuff of normal tissue (and why historical compartmentectomy is now largely replaced by wide margins plus radiotherapy), neurovascular preservation versus sacrifice and reconstruction, clipping the tumour bed for adjuvant radiotherapy, flap cover, margins and local recurrence. advanced orthopaedic operative-surgery guide.
Wide Local Excision & Limb Salvage — Surgical Margins in Sarcoma - Surgical technique guide for wide local excision and limb salvage in bone and soft-tissue sarcoma - Enneking margins, R0/R1/R2 classification, limb salvage versus amputation, biopsy tract excision, and reconstruction options

Approaches & Principles — 2 procedures

general-ortho (2 procedures)

Above-Knee Amputation (Transfemoral) - Surgical technique guide for Above-Knee (Transfemoral) Amputation
Below-Knee Amputation (Transtibial) - Surgical technique guide for Below-Knee (Transtibial) Amputation

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