Operative Surgery Technique Library — 244+ Surgical Procedures
Comprehensive step-by-step operative surgery guides for orthopaedic fellowship exam preparation. Each procedure covers surgical approach, patient positioning, key steps, structures at risk, and closure. Designed for FRACS, FRCS, and ABOS candidates.
Arthroplasty — 8 procedures
arthroplasty (8 procedures)
- ACL Reconstruction Technique — Comprehensive guide to ACL reconstruction surgical technique for FRCS exam preparation
- Anteromedial Approach to the Knee — Comprehensive guide to the anteromedial approach to the knee for FRCS exam preparation
- Medial Parapatellar Approach to the Knee — Comprehensive guide to the medial parapatellar surgical approach for total knee arthroplasty and distal femur fractures - positioning, technique, dangers, and exam points
- Midvastus Approach to Knee — Limited muscle-splitting TKA approach dividing distal VMO fibers longitudinally, balancing muscle preservation with adequate exposure
- PCL Reconstruction — Comprehensive guide to PCL reconstruction techniques and indications for FRCS exam preparation
- Posterolateral Approach to the Knee — Comprehensive guide to the posterolateral approach to the knee for FRCS exam preparation
- Subvastus Approach to Knee — Muscle-sparing surgical approach preserving vastus medialis obliquus for primary TKA, offering faster quadriceps recovery with anatomic limitations
- Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy — Comprehensive guide to tibial tubercle osteotomy for exposure in difficult total knee arthroplasty revisions, extensor mechanism repair, patellofemoral reconstruction, and patellar maltracking correction, including patellar tendon preservation, osteotomy fixation techniques, and complication avoidance.
Trauma — 133 procedures
adult-reconstruction (67 procedures)
- Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty — Surgical technique guide for Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty - FRCS exam preparation
- Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability — Surgical technique guide for Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability - FRCS exam preparation
- Ceramic-on-Ceramic THA — Surgical technique guide for Ceramic-on-Ceramic THA bearing surfaces - FRCS Orth exam preparation
- Constrained Total Knee Replacement (VVC/CCK/Hinged) — Surgical technique guide for Constrained Total Knee Replacement (VVC/CCK/Hinged) - FRCS exam preparation
- Conversion THA (Failed Hip Fracture Fixation) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for conversion total hip arthroplasty following failed hip fracture fixation - evidence-based approach with detailed operative steps and complication management
- Conversion THA after Failed Hemiarthroplasty — Comprehensive surgical technique for conversion of failed hemiarthroplasty to THA including stem retention vs revision decision-making - FRCS exam preparation
- Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty (DAA THA) — Surgical technique guide for Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty (DAA THA) - FRCS exam preparation
- Distal Femoral Osteotomy — Comprehensive guide to distal femoral osteotomy for lateral compartment osteoarthritis and valgus deformity - indications, surgical technique, outcomes, and complications
- High Tibial Osteotomy — Comprehensive guide to high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for medial compartment osteoarthritis - indications, preoperative planning, opening vs closing wedge techniques, outcomes, and complications for Orthopaedic exam preparation.
- Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene in THA — Comprehensive guide to HXLPE bearing surfaces in THA including material science, manufacturing, clinical evidence, and bearing selection - FRCS exam preparation
- Hip Direct Lateral Approach (Hardinge) — Comprehensive guide to the Hardinge direct lateral approach to the hip - indications, technique, internervous plane, structures at risk, and surgical pearls for Orthopaedic exam
- Hip Medial Approach (Ludloff) — Comprehensive guide to the medial approach to the hip - Ludloff approach, adductor interval, obturator neurovascular structures, and applications in DDH and hip surgery for Orthopaedic exam
- Hip Posterior Approach (Moore/Southern) — Comprehensive guide to the posterior (Moore/Southern) approach to the hip - true internervous plane, piriformis preservation, capsular repair, and dislocation prevention for Orthopaedic exam
- Hip Spica Cast Application — Surgical technique guide for Hip Spica Cast Application - FRCS exam preparation
- Management of Stiff Total Knee Arthroplasty — Comprehensive surgical technique for management of stiff TKA including MUA, arthroscopic lysis, and open arthrolysis - FRCS exam preparation
- Medial Parapatellar Approach to Knee — Comprehensive guide to the medial parapatellar approach to the knee for total knee arthroplasty, extensile exposure, and extensor lag prevention
- Minimally Invasive Posterior THA — Surgical technique guide for Minimally Invasive Posterior Total Hip Arthroplasty - FRCS Orth exam preparation
- Open Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability — Surgical technique guide for Open Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability - FRCS exam preparation
- Oxidized Zirconium TKA — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Oxidized Zirconium (Oxinium) TKA including material science, tribology, wear characteristics, and clinical outcomes - FRCS exam preparation
- Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty — Surgical technique guide for Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty - FRCS exam preparation
- Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty - Standard Measured Resection Technique — Surgical technique guide for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty - Standard Measured Resection Technique - FRCS exam preparation
- Primary Total Knee Replacement - Comprehensive Technique — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for primary total knee replacement using the medial parapatellar approach with gap balancing for FRCS exam preparation
- Primary Total Knee Replacement (TKR) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Primary Total Knee Replacement - medial parapatellar approach with evidence-based soft tissue balancing and component positioning
- Radial Head Arthroplasty (RHA) — Surgical technique guide for Radial Head Arthroplasty (RHA) - FRCS exam preparation
- Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for reverse shoulder arthroplasty using the deltopectoral approach for FRCS exam preparation
- Reverse TSA Revision — Surgical technique guide for Reverse TSA Revision - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty to Reverse — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for revision of failed shoulder arthroplasty to reverse total shoulder replacement - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision TKA - Tibial Component Revision — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for tibial component revision in TKA including AORI classification, bone loss management, stems, sleeves, cones, and augments - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Hip Replacement — Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Hip Replacement - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Hip Replacement - Acetabular Component — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for acetabular component revision in total hip replacement covering infection workup, Paprosky classification, bone loss reconstruction strategies, and instability management - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Hip Replacement - Femoral Component — Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Hip Replacement - Femoral Component - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Hip Replacement for Aseptic Loosening — Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Hip Replacement for Aseptic Loosening - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Hip Replacement for Recurrent Instability — Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Hip Replacement for Recurrent Instability - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Aseptic Loosening — Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Aseptic Loosening - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Knee Replacement - Comprehensive — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for revision TKR including AORI classification, extensile exposures, constraint selection, metaphyseal cones/sleeves, and AOANJRR data - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Knee Replacement - Femoral Component — Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Knee Replacement - Femoral Component - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Knee Replacement - Patellar Component (Resurfacing/Revision) — Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Knee Replacement - Patellar Component (Resurfacing/Revision) - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Knee Replacement - Tibial Component — Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Knee Replacement - Tibial Component with AORI classification, defect management, and constraint selection - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Knee Replacement (rTKR) — Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Knee Replacement (rTKR) - FRCS exam preparation
- Revision Total Shoulder Arthroplasty to Reverse TSA — Surgical technique guide for Revision Total Shoulder Arthroplasty to Reverse TSA - FRCS exam preparation
- Shoulder Arthroplasty Revision — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for revision shoulder arthroplasty including anatomic TSA and conversion to reverse shoulder arthroplasty
- Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty - Deltopectoral Approach — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for shoulder hemiarthroplasty via deltopectoral approach for proximal humerus fractures and glenohumeral arthritis
- THA Revision - Acetabular Component (Jumbo Cup/Augments) — Comprehensive surgical technique for revision acetabuloplasty using jumbo cups and augments for Paprosky II/IIIA defects with detailed operative steps, complications, and exam-focused clinical scenarios
- THA Revision - Femoral Component (Extensively Porous Stem) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for THA revision femoral component using extensively porous stem with extended trochanteric osteotomy, Paprosky classification, and AOANJRR data - FRCS exam preparation
- TKA Revision - Femoral Component with Sleeves — Comprehensive surgical technique for revision TKA with metaphyseal sleeves for AORI Type 2B/3 femoral bone defects - evidence-based approach for FRCS exam preparation
- TKA Revision - Tibial Component with Cones — Comprehensive surgical technique for revision total knee arthroplasty with porous metal tibial cones for AORI Type 2B/3 bone defects
- Total Hip Arthroplasty - Primary (Uncemented) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for primary uncemented total hip arthroplasty via the posterior approach with AOANJRR context for FRCS exam preparation
- Total Hip Arthroplasty - Revision with Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy — Surgical technique guide for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Revision with Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy - FRCS exam preparation
- Total Hip Arthroplasty - Two-Stage Revision for Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infection — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for two-stage revision THA for chronic periprosthetic joint infection with MSIS criteria, articulating spacer, high-dose antibiotic cement protocol, and reimplantation strategies
- Total Hip Replacement - Cemented Femoral Technique (Modern 3rd/4th Generation) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for modern cemented femoral component insertion using third and fourth-generation cementing principles with detailed attention to canal preparation, retrograde cement insertion, and pressurization techniques for optimal fixation and long-term survival
- Total Hip Replacement - Direct Anterior Approach (DAA) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Total Hip Replacement via Direct Anterior Approach - internervous plane between TFL and Sartorius - complete operative steps, danger zones, and exam-focused clinical pearls
- Total Hip Replacement - Direct Anterior Approach (DAA/Hueter) — Surgical technique guide for Total Hip Replacement - Direct Anterior Approach (DAA/Hueter) - FRCS exam preparation
- Total Hip Replacement - Direct Lateral Approach (Hardinge/Transgluteal) — Surgical technique guide for Total Hip Replacement - Direct Lateral Approach (Hardinge/Transgluteal) - FRCS exam preparation
- Total Hip Replacement - Posterior Approach (Kocher-Langenbeck Modified) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for total hip replacement via modified posterior approach, including enhanced soft tissue repair techniques, acetabular component positioning, and strategies to minimize dislocation risk
- Total Hip Replacement - Posterior Approach (Moore/Southern) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for total hip replacement via the posterior approach with evidence-based protocols and safety-critical points for FRCS exam preparation
- Total Hip Replacement - SuperPATH/SuperCAP Approach (Tissue-Sparing Posterior) — Surgical technique guide for Total Hip Replacement - SuperPATH/SuperCAP Approach (Tissue-Sparing Posterior) - FRCS exam preparation
- Total Hip Replacement Dislocation - Comprehensive Assessment and Management — Evidence-based surgical technique for managing THA instability through systematic assessment, component revision, dual mobility, and soft tissue reconstruction - FRACS exam preparation
- Total Hip Replacement with Ceramic Bearing Surfaces — Surgical technique guide for Total Hip Replacement with Ceramic Bearing Surfaces - comprehensive FRCS exam preparation with evidence-based protocols
- Total Hip Replacement with Dual Mobility Cup — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Total Hip Replacement with Dual Mobility Cup including indications, operative technique, complications, and outcomes - FRCS exam preparation
- Total Knee Arthroplasty - Cemented — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for cemented total knee arthroplasty including medial parapatellar approach, gap balancing, femoral rotation principles, and complication management - FRCS exam preparation
- Total Knee Arthroplasty - Medial Parapatellar Approach — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for total knee arthroplasty using the medial parapatellar approach with detailed steps, danger zones, and exam pearls
- Total Knee Arthroplasty for Valgus Deformity — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for TKA in valgus knee including Krackow classification, lateral release sequence, soft tissue balancing, and component selection - FRCS exam preparation
- Total Knee Replacement Instability - Assessment and Constraint Ladder Management — Comprehensive surgical technique for assessing and managing TKR instability using the constraint ladder approach, from posterior-stabilized to rotating hinge prostheses
- Two-Stage Exchange for Infected TKA — Complete surgical technique for two-stage revision arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection of TKA including diagnosis, Stage 1 explantation with antibiotic spacer, Stage 2 reimplantation criteria, and antibiotic protocols for FRCS Orth exam preparation
- Two-Stage Revision THA - Stage 1: Antibiotic Cement Spacer Insertion — Comprehensive surgical technique for stage 1 two-stage revision THA with an antibiotic cement spacer for periprosthetic joint infection and FRCS exam preparation
- Two-Stage Revision TKA - Stage 1: Antibiotic Cement Spacer Insertion — Comprehensive surgical technique for stage 1 two-stage revision TKA with an antibiotic cement spacer for periprosthetic knee infection and FRCS exam preparation
- Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (UKR/Oxford) — Complete surgical technique for unicompartmental knee replacement including patient selection, mobile vs fixed bearing, Oxford technique, bearing selection, and complication management for FRCS Orth exam preparation
trauma (47 procedures)
- Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Anterior Column — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Anterior Column Acetabular Fracture ORIF via Ilioinguinal Approach - FRCS exam preparation
- Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Both Column — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for both-column acetabular fracture ORIF with secondary congruence concepts and combined approaches for FRCS exam preparation
- Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Comprehensive Approach Selection — Comprehensive guide to surgical approach selection for acetabular fractures based on the Judet-Letournel classification for FRCS exam preparation
- Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Ilioinguinal Approach — Complete surgical technique guide for the ilioinguinal approach to acetabular fractures - the three-window anterior approach for anterior column, anterior wall, and both-column fracture patterns. FRCS exam preparation.
- Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Kocher-Langenbeck Approach — Complete surgical technique guide for the Kocher-Langenbeck posterior approach to acetabular fractures - the workhorse approach for posterior wall, posterior column, and transverse fracture patterns. FRCS exam preparation.
- Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Posterior Column/Wall — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for posterior column and posterior wall acetabular fracture ORIF via the Kocher-Langenbeck approach for FRCS exam preparation
- Acetabular Fracture ORIF - Posterior Wall — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for posterior wall acetabular fracture ORIF via the Kocher-Langenbeck approach for FRCS exam preparation
- Ankle Fracture ORIF - Weber B/C Fibula with Medial Malleolus — Surgical technique guide for Ankle Fracture ORIF - Weber B/C Fibula with Medial Malleolus - FRCS exam preparation
- Anterior Approach to Humeral Shaft (Henry) — Comprehensive guide to the anterior (Henry) approach to the humeral shaft for ORIF of mid/distal humerus fractures with emphasis on radial nerve protection
- Anterior Approach to Sacroiliac Joint — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for the anterior approach to the sacroiliac joint - used for SI screw fixation, ORIF of anterior pelvic ring injuries, and revision SI arthrodesis.
- Anterior Column Acetabular Fracture ORIF — Surgical technique guide for Anterior Column Acetabular Fracture ORIF via ilioinguinal three-window or modified Stoppa approach - FRCS exam preparation
- Anterolateral Approach to Radius (Henry) — Comprehensive guide to the Henry anterolateral volar approach to the radius for ORIF of radial shaft fractures and forearm pathology
- Dorsal Approach to Midfoot — Comprehensive guide to dorsal approaches to the midfoot for Lisfranc injuries, tarsometatarsal arthrodesis, midfoot fractures, and Charcot reconstruction, including multiple longitudinal incisions, deep peroneal nerve protection, and compartment-specific access to medial, middle, and lateral columns.
- Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) for Intertrochanteric Fracture — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for dynamic hip screw fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures for FRCS exam preparation
- Extended Iliofemoral Approach to the Acetabulum — Comprehensive guide to the extended iliofemoral approach for complex acetabular fractures - single-incision access to anterior and posterior columns, technique, and exam preparation
- Femoral Neck Fracture - Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) Fixation — Surgical technique guide for Femoral Neck Fracture - Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) Fixation - FRCS exam preparation
- Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for hip hemiarthroplasty in displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures for FRCS exam preparation
- Hip Anterior Approach (Smith-Petersen) — Comprehensive guide to the anterior approach to the hip (Smith-Petersen) - indications, internervous plane, step-by-step technique, structures at risk, and surgical decision-making for orthopaedic fellowship exam
- Hip Anterolateral Approach (Watson-Jones) — Comprehensive guide to the anterolateral approach to the hip (Watson-Jones) - indications, internervous plane, step-by-step technique, structures at risk, and surgical decision-making for orthopaedic fellowship exam
- Ilioinguinal Approach to the Acetabulum — Comprehensive guide to the ilioinguinal approach for anterior column and anterior wall acetabular fractures - surgical anatomy, technique, and exam preparation
- Kocher-Langenbeck Approach to the Acetabulum — Comprehensive guide to the Kocher-Langenbeck posterior approach for posterior wall and posterior column acetabular fractures - surgical anatomy, sciatic nerve protection, and exam preparation
- Lateral Approach to Elbow (Kocher) — Comprehensive guide to the Kocher lateral approach to the elbow with emphasis on posterior interosseous nerve protection, lateral collateral ligament preservation, and management of radial head fractures and lateral condyle injuries
- Lateral Extensile Approach to Calcaneus — Comprehensive guide to the lateral extensile approach to the calcaneus for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures, including full-thickness flap technique, sural nerve protection, posterior facet reduction strategies, and wound complication avoidance in high-risk patients.
- Lateral Parapatellar Approach to Knee — Specialized surgical approach for lateral tibial plateau fractures, lateral compartment pathology, and revision TKA with valgus deformity
- Modified Stoppa Approach to the Acetabulum — Comprehensive guide to the modified Stoppa approach for quadrilateral surface and medial acetabular wall fractures - surgical anatomy, technique, and exam preparation
- Neck of Femur Fractures - Dynamic Hip Screw and Cannulated Screws — Surgical technique guide for Neck of Femur Fractures - Dynamic Hip Screw and Cannulated Screws - FRCS exam preparation
- Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Radial Head Fracture — Surgical technique guide for Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Radial Head Fracture - FRCS exam preparation
- ORIF Distal Humerus Fracture - Olecranon Osteotomy Approach — Surgical technique guide for ORIF Distal Humerus Fracture via Olecranon Osteotomy with parallel plating, ulnar nerve management, and early mobilization - FRCS exam preparation
- ORIF Supracondylar Fracture Humerus - Paediatric — Surgical technique guide for ORIF Supracondylar Fracture Humerus - Paediatric - FRCS exam preparation
- Paediatric Ankle Fractures - Salter-Harris ORIF — Surgical technique guide for Paediatric Ankle Fractures - Salter-Harris ORIF - FRCS exam preparation
- Paediatric Monteggia Fracture Dislocation - ORIF Ulna & Radial Head Reduction — Surgical technique guide for Paediatric Monteggia Fracture Dislocation - ORIF Ulna & Radial Head Reduction - FRCS exam preparation
- Posterior Approach to Humerus — Comprehensive guide to the posterior approach to the humerus for mid-shaft fracture fixation and radial nerve exploration, including radial nerve anatomy in the spiral groove, triceps management techniques, and approach extensibility for entire humeral shaft access.
- Posterior Approach to Sacroiliac Joint — Comprehensive surgical approach to sacroiliac joint disruption, providing direct access for plate fixation with clear neurovascular landmarks
- Posterior Column and Wall Acetabular Fracture ORIF — Surgical technique guide for Posterior Column and Wall Acetabular Fracture ORIF via Kocher-Langenbeck approach - FRCS exam preparation
- Posterolateral Approach to Knee (Fibular Head) — Comprehensive guide to the posterolateral approach to the knee for LCL reconstruction, posterolateral corner repair, and fibular head procedures
- Posteromedial Approach to Knee — Posterior medial knee exposure for posteromedial tibial plateau fractures, posteromedial corner injuries, and posterior medial meniscus pathology
- Proximal Femoral Nail (Cephalomedullary Nail) for Intertrochanteric Fracture — Surgical technique guide for Proximal Femoral Nail (Cephalomedullary Nail) for Intertrochanteric Fracture - FRCS exam preparation
- Proximal Humerus Fracture - Plating vs Hemiarthroplasty — Surgical technique guide for Proximal Humerus Fracture - Plating vs Hemiarthroplasty - FRCS exam preparation
- Retrograde Femoral Nailing — Surgical technique guide for Retrograde Femoral Nailing - FRCS exam preparation
- Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty for Acute Proximal Humerus Fracture — Surgical technique guide for Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty for Acute Proximal Humerus Fracture - FRCS exam preparation
- Sinus Tarsi Approach to Calcaneus — Comprehensive guide to the minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach for calcaneal fractures, including patient selection for Sanders II-III simple patterns, indirect reduction techniques, wound advantage over lateral extensile approach, and limitations for complex comminution.
- Supracondylar Femur Fracture (Periprosthetic) - ORIF — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for periprosthetic supracondylar femur fracture ORIF with component stability assessment and bridging plate fixation for FRCS exam preparation
- Supracondylar Humerus Fracture - Closed Reduction Percutaneous Pinning — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire pinning of displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children for FRCS exam preparation
- Terrible Triad ORIF - Elbow Dislocation with Radial Head and Coronoid Fractures — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for terrible triad injury: sequential ORIF of coronoid, radial head, and LCL complex to restore elbow stability
- Tibia Posterolateral Approach — Comprehensive guide to the posterolateral approach to the tibia for posterolateral tibial plateau fractures - prone positioning, CPN protection, fibular head anatomy, and buttress plating for Orthopaedic exam
- Transverse Acetabular Fracture ORIF — Surgical technique guide for Transverse Acetabular Fracture ORIF - FRCS exam preparation
- Volar and Dorsal Forearm Fasciotomy — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for emergency forearm fasciotomy - releasing all three compartments to prevent Volkmann's contracture
general-ortho (10 procedures)
- Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy — Surgical technique guide for Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy - FRCS exam preparation
- Comprehensive Knee Osteotomy: HTO, DFO, and TTO — Surgical technique guide for Comprehensive Knee Osteotomy: HTO, DFO, and TTO - FRCS exam preparation
- Core Decompression - Femoral Head AVN — Surgical technique guide for Core Decompression - Femoral Head AVN - FRCS exam preparation
- Meniscal Repair - All-Inside and Inside-Out Techniques — Surgical technique guide for Meniscal Repair - All-Inside and Inside-Out Techniques - FRCS exam preparation
- Partial Meniscectomy — Surgical technique guide for Partial Meniscectomy - FRCS exam preparation
- Pectoralis Major Tendon Repair - Acute and Chronic Reconstruction — Surgical technique guide for Pectoralis Major Tendon Repair - Acute and Chronic Reconstruction - FRCS exam preparation
- Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) for Spastic Cerebral Palsy — Surgical technique guide for Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) for Spastic Cerebral Palsy - FRCS exam preparation
- Spinopelvic Dissociation - Lumbopelvic Fixation — Comprehensive surgical technique for lumbopelvic fixation in spinopelvic dissociation - posterior instrumentation for U-type and H-type sacral fractures with Denis zone III involvement
- Supracondylar Humeral Osteotomy for Cubitus Varus — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for corrective osteotomy of cubitus varus deformity following malunited supracondylar fractures - FRCS exam preparation
- Triceps Tendon Repair — Surgical technique guide for Triceps Tendon Repair - FRCS exam preparation
surgical-approaches (8 procedures)
- Anterior Approach to the Ankle — Comprehensive guide to the anterior ankle surgical approach - internervous plane, surface anatomy, structures at risk, indications for arthrodesis, arthroplasty, and fracture fixation
- Femur - Anteromedial Approach — Surgical approach to the medial and anterior aspects of the femoral shaft through an internervous interval, used for fracture fixation, tumor excision, and reconstruction
- Henry Approach to the Radius (Volar Approach) — Comprehensive guide to the Henry (volar) approach to the radius - the most versatile forearm approach for distal radius fractures, radial shaft fractures, and forearm compartment syndrome - surgical anatomy, radial artery management, and exam preparation
- Posterior Approach to the Elbow — Comprehensive guide to the posterior approach to the elbow including triceps-splitting, triceps-reflecting (Bryan-Morrey), and olecranon osteotomy techniques for distal humerus fractures and total elbow arthroplasty
- Posterior Approach to the Shoulder — Comprehensive guide to the posterior surgical approach to the shoulder - indications, technique, internervous plane, complications, and clinical applications for orthopaedic exam
- Retroperitoneal Anterolateral Approach to the Lumbar Spine — Comprehensive guide to the retroperitoneal anterolateral approach for lumbar spine surgery including anatomical intervals, vascular protection, and ALIF/corpectomy technique from L2-S1
- Shoulder Arthroscopy Approach — Comprehensive guide to shoulder arthroscopy portal placement, positioning, technique, indications, complications and exam points for Orthopaedic FRACS examination
- Thompson (Dorsal) Approach to the Radius — Comprehensive guide to the Thompson dorsal approach for proximal and mid-shaft radius exposure - surgical anatomy, posterior interosseous nerve protection, and exam preparation
general (1 procedures)
- Dorsal Approach to Distal Radius — Comprehensive guide to the dorsal approach to the distal radius for management of dorsally displaced fractures, scaphoid nonunions, and wrist arthroscopy
Spine — 20 procedures
spine (20 procedures)
- Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) - Single Level — Surgical technique guide for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) - Single Level - FRCS exam preparation
- Anterior Retroperitoneal Approach to Lumbar Spine — Comprehensive guide to the anterior retroperitoneal approach for ALIF with emphasis on vascular protection, sympathetic plexus preservation, and retrograde ejaculation prevention
- C1-C2 Posterior Fusion (Harms/Goel-Harms Technique) — Surgical technique guide for C1-C2 Posterior Fusion (Harms/Goel-Harms Technique) - FRCS exam preparation
- Cauda Equina Decompression — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for emergency cauda equina decompression for FRCS exam preparation
- Cervical Spinal Fusion (ACDF) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) - evidence-based approach for cervical degenerative disease
- Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (XLIF) Approach — Comprehensive guide to the lateral transpsoas approach for XLIF with emphasis on lumbar plexus protection, psoas traversal technique, and comparison to anterior/posterior approaches
- Lumbar Decompression for Spinal Stenosis — Surgical technique guide for Lumbar Decompression for Spinal Stenosis - FRCS exam preparation
- Lumbar Laminectomy for Spinal Stenosis — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for lumbar laminectomy in spinal stenosis - evidence-based decompression strategies, danger zone identification, and complication management for FRACS exam preparation
- Microscopic Lumbar Discectomy — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for microscopic lumbar discectomy with positioning, step-by-step technique, complications, and viva scenarios for FRCS exam preparation
- Muscular Dystrophy Scoliosis - Posterior Spinal Fusion (T2-Pelvis) — Surgical technique guide for Muscular Dystrophy Scoliosis - Posterior Spinal Fusion (T2-Pelvis) - FRCS exam preparation
- Posterior Approach to Cervical Spine — Comprehensive guide to posterior cervical approaches for laminectomy, laminoplasty, and instrumentation with emphasis on vertebral artery protection, C5 nerve root palsy prevention, and subaxial screw techniques
- Posterior Approach to Lumbar Spine — Comprehensive guide to the posterior midline approach to the lumbar spine - laminectomy, discectomy, fusion techniques, dural tear management, and neural decompression for Orthopaedic exam
- Posterior Cervical Laminectomy — Surgical technique guide for Posterior Cervical Laminectomy - FRCS exam preparation
- Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion for multilevel cervical myelopathy - FRCS exam preparation
- Posterior Lumbar Decompression and Fusion (PLDF) — Surgical technique guide for Posterior Lumbar Decompression and Fusion (PLDF) - FRCS exam preparation
- Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (PSF) — Surgical technique guide for Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (PSF) - FRCS exam preparation
- Smith-Robinson Approach (Anterior Cervical Spine) — Comprehensive guide to the Smith-Robinson anterior approach to the cervical spine - recurrent laryngeal nerve protection, esophageal retraction, carotid artery safety, ACDF technique for Orthopaedic exam
- Spinal Osteotomy Techniques: PSO, VCR, and SPO — Comprehensive guide to three-column osteotomies for spinal deformity correction, including Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO), pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), and vertebral column resection (VCR), with indications, techniques, and complication management.
- Spine Tumour Decompression and Stabilization — Surgical technique guide for metastatic spinal cord compression and primary spine tumour surgery - FRCS exam preparation
- Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) Approach — Comprehensive guide to TLIF technique with emphasis on nerve root protection, facet preservation, and cage insertion through Kambin's triangle
Hand & Wrist — 32 procedures
hand (21 procedures)
- Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN) Exploration and Decompression — Surgical technique guide for Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN) Exploration and Decompression - FRCS exam preparation
- Carpal Tunnel Release - Endoscopic Technique (Single Portal) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for single-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release (Agee technique) for FRCS exam preparation
- Carpal Tunnel Release - Open & Endoscopic — Surgical technique guide for Carpal Tunnel Release - Open & Endoscopic - FRCS exam preparation
- Carpal Tunnel Release - Open Technique — Surgical technique guide for Carpal Tunnel Release - Open Technique - FRCS exam preparation
- Cubital Tunnel Decompression — Surgical technique guide for Cubital Tunnel Decompression - FRCS exam preparation
- De Quervain's Tenosynovitis - First Dorsal Compartment Release — Surgical technique guide for De Quervain's Tenosynovitis - First Dorsal Compartment Release - FRCS exam preparation
- Dupuytren's Contracture - Comprehensive Management (Limited vs Radical Fasciectomy) — Surgical technique guide for Dupuytren's Contracture - Comprehensive Management (Limited vs Radical Fasciectomy) - FRCS exam preparation
- Dupuytren's Fasciectomy - Regional (Segmental) Fasciectomy — Surgical technique guide for Dupuytren's Fasciectomy - Regional (Segmental) Fasciectomy - FRCS exam preparation
- Extensor Tendon Repair (Zones I-VIII) — Comprehensive zone-specific surgical technique guide for extensor tendon injuries from DIP to forearm, covering acute repair, reconstruction, and zone-specific protocols
- Flexor Tendon Repair - Zone 2 — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Zone 2 flexor tendon repair including multi-strand core suture techniques, pulley preservation strategies, and early active motion protocols for optimal functional outcomes
- Flexor Tendon Repairs - All Zones (Zone 1-5) — Surgical technique guide for Flexor Tendon Repairs - All Zones (Zone 1-5) - FRCS exam preparation
- Forearm Fasciotomy - Volar and Dorsal (Complete Release) — Surgical technique guide for Forearm Fasciotomy - Volar and Dorsal (Complete Release) - FRCS exam preparation
- Ganglion Cyst Excision - Dorsal Wrist — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for dorsal wrist ganglion cyst excision including stalk identification, scapholunate ligament protection, and superficial radial nerve preservation
- Pronator Syndrome Release - Median Nerve Decompression at Elbow/Forearm — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for median nerve decompression at four potential compression sites in pronator syndrome - FRCS exam preparation
- Rheumatoid Elbow Synovectomy & Radial Head Excision — Surgical technique guide for Rheumatoid Elbow Synovectomy & Radial Head Excision - FRCS exam preparation
- Scaphoid ORIF - Dorsal Approach (Proximal Pole) — Surgical technique guide for Scaphoid ORIF - Dorsal Approach (Proximal Pole) - FRCS exam preparation
- Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction - Dorsal Capsulodesis — Surgical technique guide for Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction - Dorsal Capsulodesis - FRCS exam preparation
- Tendon Transfers for Median and Ulnar Nerve Palsy — Comprehensive guide to tendon transfers for median and ulnar nerve palsies including surgical options, rehabilitation protocols, and outcomes.
- Thompson Approach (Posterior Interosseous Nerve Exposure) — Comprehensive guide to the Thompson posterior interosseous approach to the proximal radius with emphasis on PIN protection, supinator splitting technique, and safe exposure of the proximal-middle radial shaft
- Ulnar Nerve Decompression at Guyon's Canal — Surgical technique guide for Ulnar Nerve Decompression at Guyon's Canal - FRCS exam preparation
- Volar Approach to Distal Radius — Comprehensive guide to the volar (Henry) approach for distal radius fractures and pathology - the most common approach for ORIF of distal radius fractures using volar locking plates
upper-limb (11 procedures)
- Anterior Deltopectoral Approach to the Shoulder — Comprehensive guide to the anterior deltopectoral approach - surgical anatomy, technique, indications, complications, and viva preparation for orthopaedic exams
- Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair - Double Row / Transosseous Equivalent (TOE) Suture Bridge Technique — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair using a transosseous-equivalent suture bridge configuration for FRCS exam preparation
- Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair - Single Row Technique — Surgical technique guide for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair - Single Row Technique - FRCS exam preparation
- Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression (Acromioplasty) for Impingement Syndrome — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for arthroscopic subacromial decompression - evidence-based approach for external shoulder impingement
- Distal Biceps Tendon Repair — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for distal biceps tendon repair including single-incision vs two-incision approaches, fixation options, and complication management - FRCS exam preparation
- Distal Biceps Tendon Repair - Comprehensive (Single vs Two-Incision Techniques) — Surgical technique guide for Distal Biceps Tendon Repair - Comprehensive (Single vs Two-Incision Techniques) - FRCS exam preparation
- Kocher Approach to the Elbow — Comprehensive guide to the Kocher lateral approach to the elbow for FRCS exam preparation
- Mini-Open Rotator Cuff Repair — Surgical technique guide for Mini-Open Rotator Cuff Repair - FRCS exam preparation
- Open Rotator Cuff Repair — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for Open Rotator Cuff Repair including deltoid-splitting and deltopectoral approaches - FRCS exam preparation
- Pectoralis Major Tendon Repair - Acute Rupture — Comprehensive surgical technique for acute pectoralis major tendon repair via deltopectoral approach with suture anchor or bone tunnel fixation - FRCS exam preparation
- Subacromial Decompression (Arthroscopic) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for arthroscopic subacromial decompression (acromioplasty) - FRCS Orth exam preparation
Foot & Ankle — 26 procedures
foot-ankle (26 procedures)
- Achilles Tendon Approaches — Comprehensive guide to surgical approaches for Achilles tendon repair, reconstruction, and debridement with emphasis on sural nerve protection and wound healing
- Achilles Tendon Repair — Surgical technique guide for Achilles Tendon Repair - FRCS exam preparation
- Ankle Fracture ORIF - Trimalleolar — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for trimalleolar ankle fracture ORIF with syndesmotic assessment and structured viva scenarios for FRCS exam preparation
- Anterolateral Approach to Ankle — Comprehensive guide to the anterolateral approach for ankle arthrodesis, tibiotalar arthroscopy, syndesmotic injuries, and anterior ankle pathology - the workhorse approach for ankle fusion and anterior ankle surgery
- Chevron Osteotomy for Mild Hallux Valgus — Surgical technique guide for Chevron Osteotomy for Mild Hallux Valgus - FRCS exam preparation
- Chopart Amputation (Transverse Tarsal Amputation) — Surgical technique guide for Chopart Amputation (Transverse Tarsal Amputation) - FRCS exam preparation
- Common Peroneal Nerve Decompression — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for common peroneal nerve decompression with anatomy, technique, and viva scenarios for FRCS exam preparation
- Freiberg's Disease Surgical Management (Infraction of Lesser Metatarsal Head) — Surgical technique guide for Freiberg's Disease Surgical Management (Infraction of Lesser Metatarsal Head) - FRCS exam preparation
- Hallux Valgus Correction - Comprehensive Decision-Making Guide (Chevron, Scarf, Lapidus) — Surgical technique guide for Hallux Valgus Correction - Comprehensive Decision-Making Guide (Chevron, Scarf, Lapidus) - FRCS exam preparation
- Jones Tendon Transfer (EHL to First Metatarsal) — Surgical technique guide for Jones Tendon Transfer (EHL to First Metatarsal) - FRCS exam preparation
- Lapidus Procedure (1st TMT Arthrodesis for Hallux Valgus) — Surgical technique guide for Lapidus Procedure (1st TMT Arthrodesis for Hallux Valgus) - FRCS exam preparation
- Lateral Ligament Reconstruction — Surgical reconstruction of chronic lateral ankle instability using anatomic and non-anatomic techniques including Brostrom, Gould modification, and tendon grafting procedures
- Medial Approach to Ankle (Medial Malleolus) — Comprehensive guide to the medial approach for medial malleolus fracture fixation, deltoid ligament repair, and medial ankle pathology - the standard approach for isolated medial malleolar fractures and medial-sided ankle injuries
- Metatarsal Fracture ORIF - Central Rays — Surgical technique guide for Metatarsal Fracture ORIF - Central Rays - FRCS exam preparation
- Open Achilles Tendon Repair — Surgical technique guide for Open Achilles Tendon Repair - FRCS exam preparation
- Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Ankle Fracture — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for ORIF of ankle fractures including Weber/Lauge-Hansen classification, syndesmotic assessment, and fixation strategies - FRCS exam preparation
- ORIF Lisfranc Injury (Tarsometatarsal Fracture-Dislocation) — Surgical technique guide for ORIF Lisfranc Injury (Tarsometatarsal Fracture-Dislocation) - FRCS exam preparation
- Peroneal Tendon Repair & Groove Deepening — Surgical technique guide for Peroneal Tendon Repair & Groove Deepening - FRCS exam preparation
- Peroneal Tendon Repair/Reconstruction — Surgical technique guide for Peroneal Tendon Repair/Reconstruction - FRCS exam preparation
- Plantar Fascia Release (Open/Endoscopic) + Baxter's Nerve Decompression — Surgical technique guide for Plantar Fascia Release (Open/Endoscopic) + Baxter's Nerve Decompression - FRCS exam preparation
- Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction - Surgical Reconstruction — Comprehensive guide to surgical reconstruction for PTTD - Johnson & Strom classification, FDL transfer technique, medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO), and stage-based surgical algorithms for orthopaedic exam
- Scarf and Akin Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus — Surgical technique guide for Scarf and Akin Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus - FRCS exam preparation
- Scarf Osteotomy for Moderate-Severe Hallux Valgus — Surgical technique guide for Scarf Osteotomy for Moderate-Severe Hallux Valgus - FRCS exam preparation
- Tarsal Tunnel Release (Posterior Tibial Nerve Decompression) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for tarsal tunnel release with complete posterior tibial nerve decompression, anatomical danger zones, and evidence-based outcomes for FRACS examination preparation
- Tarsometatarsal (TMT) Arthrodesis - Isolated or Multi-Ray — Comprehensive surgical technique for tarsometatarsal arthrodesis including isolated and multi-ray fusion for post-traumatic arthritis, primary OA, and inflammatory arthropathy with detailed neurovascular protection strategies
- Weil Osteotomy for Lesser Metatarsalgia and Metatarsal Length Abnormalities — Oblique metatarsal neck osteotomy parallel to weight-bearing surface for transfer metatarsalgia, plantar plate insufficiency, and metatarsal length discrepancy
Sports Medicine — 17 procedures
sports-medicine (17 procedures)
- ACL Reconstruction - Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone (BTB) Autograft — Surgical technique guide for ACL Reconstruction - Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone (BTB) Autograft - FRCS exam preparation
- ACL Reconstruction - Hamstring Autograft (4-Strand) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using 4-strand hamstring autograft with anatomic single-bundle technique via trans-anteromedial portal
- ACL Reconstruction with Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft — Surgical technique guide for ACL Reconstruction with Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft - FRCS exam preparation
- Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction - Hamstring Autograft (Anatomic AM Portal Technique) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring autograft with anatomic anteromedial portal femoral tunnel drilling for FRCS exam preparation
- Arthroscopic Portal Placement (Knee) — Comprehensive guide to knee arthroscopy portal placement including standard and accessory portals with emphasis on neurovascular safety
- Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) — Comprehensive guide to autologous chondrocyte implantation and MACI - two-stage cartilage repair, indications, surgical technique, and outcomes for orthopaedic examination
- High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) - Medial Opening Wedge — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy, including planning, fixation, and lateral hinge fracture management, for FRCS exam preparation
- High Tibial Osteotomy with Concurrent ACL Reconstruction - Medial Opening Wedge — Surgical technique guide for High Tibial Osteotomy with Concurrent ACL Reconstruction - Medial Opening Wedge - FRCS exam preparation
- Knee Arthroscopy Approach — Comprehensive guide to knee arthroscopy portal placement, technique, indications, complications and exam points for Orthopaedic - anterolateral, anteromedial, accessory portals
- Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy — Complete surgical technique for medial opening wedge HTO including preoperative planning, Fujisawa point targeting, biplanar osteotomy, fixation, and rehabilitation for FRCS Orth exam preparation
- Microfracture Technique — Comprehensive guide to microfracture for articular cartilage repair - surgical technique, patient selection, rehabilitation, and outcomes for orthopaedic examination
- Osteochondral Allograft (OCA) — Comprehensive guide to fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation - indications, storage, surgical technique, and outcomes for orthopaedic examination
- Osteochondral Autograft Transfer (OATS) — Comprehensive guide to osteochondral autograft transfer system - mosaicplasty technique, indications, donor sites, and outcomes for orthopaedic examination
- Patellar Tendon Repair — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for acute patellar tendon repair with anatomy, technique, augmentation options, and viva scenarios for FRCS exam preparation
- Primary Quadriceps Tendon Repair with Suture Anchor Technique — Complete surgical technique guide for Primary Quadriceps Tendon Repair using suture anchors - FRCS Orth exam preparation with anatomy, Krackow suture technique, rehabilitation protocol, and viva scenarios
- Quadriceps Tendon Repair — Complete surgical technique guide for Quadriceps Tendon Repair including transosseous technique, augmentation strategies, and rehabilitation - FRCS Orth exam preparation
- Revision ACL Reconstruction — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for revision ACL reconstruction including tunnel assessment, staging decisions, graft selection, and anterolateral augmentation - FRCS exam preparation
Shoulder & Elbow — 3 procedures
shoulder (3 procedures)
- Deltopectoral Approach to Shoulder — Comprehensive guide to the deltopectoral approach for shoulder arthroplasty, proximal humerus fractures, and anterior shoulder pathology - the workhorse internervous plane approach to the glenohumeral joint
- Lateral Approach to Proximal Humerus — Comprehensive guide to the lateral approach for proximal humerus fractures, rotator cuff repair, and subacromial decompression - a versatile approach that avoids deltopectoral dissection while providing excellent access to the lateral proximal humerus
- Posterior Approach to Shoulder — Comprehensive guide to the posterior approach to the shoulder - reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, rotator cuff repair, posterior instability, axillary nerve protection for Orthopaedic exam
Paediatrics — 5 procedures
pediatrics (5 procedures)
- Cubitus Varus Correction (Supracondylar Osteotomy) — Surgical technique guide for Cubitus Varus Correction (Supracondylar Osteotomy) - FRCS exam preparation
- Paediatric Hip Spica Cast Application — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for paediatric hip spica cast application including immediate spica for femoral fractures and post-reduction immobilization for DDH
- Paediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fracture - Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning (CRPP) — Comprehensive surgical technique guide for paediatric supracondylar humerus fracture CRPP with neurovascular assessment, reduction manoeuvres, and pulseless hand management for FRCS exam preparation
- SUFE Pinning - In Situ Fixation with Single Central Screw — Comprehensive FRCS examination guide to in situ screw fixation for slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE/SCFE), including Loder classification, Southwick angle measurement, screw positioning, and AVN prevention strategies
- Tarsal Coalition Resection - Calcaneonavicular and Talocalcaneal — Comprehensive surgical technique for resection of calcaneonavicular and talocalcaneal coalitions with muscle interposition to restore subtalar motion in symptomatic rigid flatfoot