Skip to main content
OrthoVellum
Knowledge Hub

Study

  • Topics
  • MCQs
  • ISAWE
  • Operative Surgery
  • Flashcards

Company

  • About Us
  • Editorial Policy
  • Contact
  • FAQ
  • Blog

Legal

  • Terms of Service
  • Privacy Policy
  • Cookie Policy
  • Medical Disclaimer
  • Copyright & DMCA
  • Refund Policy

Support

  • Help Center
  • Accessibility
  • Report an Issue
OrthoVellum

Ā© 2026 OrthoVellum. For educational purposes only.

Not affiliated with the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.

Basic Science
intermediate
X-Type

Fracture Healing Stages Callus

Bone Biology

A 30-year-old man sustains a closed tibial shaft fracture treated with an intramedullary nail. At 6-week follow-up, radiographs show early bridging callus formation. The surgeon discusses the biology of fracture healing and explains that the rigid fixation provided by the nail will influence the healing pattern. Regarding fracture healing biology:

Mark each as TRUE or FALSE

A

Secondary (indirect) fracture healing occurs through callus formation and involves four overlapping ...

B

Primary (direct) bone healing occurs with rigid fixation and anatomic reduction (gap less than 0.1mm...

C

Primary healing requires gaps greater than 2mm; secondary healing occurs with rigid fixation; callus...

D

The fracture gap strain theory (Perren) states that tissue differentiation depends on interfragmenta...

E

Key growth factors in fracture healing include BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins - induce osteoblast...

Answer the questions to see explanations

Click T (True) or F (False) for each option