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Basic Science
intermediate
X-Type

Levels of Evidence in Orthopaedic Research

Research Methodology

A consultant orthopaedic surgeon is reviewing the literature to determine the optimal surgical technique for ACL reconstruction. They find a systematic review of 15 randomized controlled trials comparing single-bundle versus double-bundle reconstruction, a large prospective cohort study from a single institution, several case series, and expert opinion articles. Regarding levels of evidence in orthopaedic research:

Mark each as TRUE or FALSE

A

The Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) classification grades therapeutic studies from...

B

A systematic review with meta-analysis of multiple high-quality RCTs represents the highest level of...

C

Expert opinion represents Level I evidence; case series provide stronger evidence than RCTs; retrosp...

D

For therapeutic studies: Level I = systematic review of RCTs or high-quality RCT; Level II = lesser ...

E

Different clinical questions may require different study designs: therapeutic questions are best ans...

Answer the questions to see explanations

Click T (True) or F (False) for each option