Cartilage Degradation
A 58-year-old woman presents with progressive knee pain and stiffness over 5 years. Examination reveals joint line tenderness, crepitus, and a small effusion. Radiographs show joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and subchondral sclerosis. Synovial fluid analysis shows mildly elevated cell count (2,500 cells/mm³) with predominantly mononuclear cells. Regarding the pathophysiology of primary osteoarthritis:
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Osteoarthritis is characterized by progressive cartilage degradation, subchondral bone changes, syno...
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13, and aggrecanases (ADAMTS-4 ...
Synovial inflammation is absent in osteoarthritis as it is purely a degenerative condition; interleu...
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and TNF-alpha are key pro-inflammatory cytokines in OA pathogenesis; they...
Chondrocyte metabolism shifts from anabolic to catabolic in OA; early compensatory proliferation and...
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