Growth Factors and Signaling
A researcher is investigating the role of growth factors in fracture healing and is particularly interested in TGF-β signaling. The lab has identified increased TGF-β1 expression in the fracture callus at 2 weeks post-injury. The researcher wants to understand the downstream signaling pathways and biological effects of this growth factor in musculoskeletal tissues. Regarding TGF-β signaling in orthopaedic contexts:
Mark each as TRUE or FALSE
The TGF-β superfamily includes TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, BMPs, activins, and inhibins; TGF-β signals t...
TGF-β plays critical roles in bone: promotes osteoblast differentiation at early stages, enhances ex...
TGF-β signals through tyrosine kinase receptors; it only affects epithelial cells; BMPs are not part...
TGF-β has important pathological roles: excessive TGF-β causes fibrosis (in tendon, muscle, and join...
Therapeutic implications include: recombinant TGF-β or BMP delivery for fracture healing and spine f...
Answer the questions to see explanations
Click T (True) or F (False) for each option