Degenerative Conditions
A 55-year-old man presents with worsening ankle pain over 3 years. He sustained an ankle fracture 15 years ago treated with ORIF. He has start-up stiffness, pain with walking, and visible deformity. Weight-bearing radiographs show joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, and osteophytes at the tibiotalar joint. He remains active and wishes to maintain some ankle motion. Regarding ankle arthritis:
Mark each as TRUE or FALSE
Unlike hip and knee OA where primary (idiopathic) arthritis predominates, ankle arthritis is most co...
Clinical features include activity-related pain, start-up stiffness, swelling, progressive deformity...
Total ankle replacement is contraindicated in all patients; ankle fusion never relieves pain; hindfo...
Imaging includes weight-bearing radiographs (AP, mortise, lateral) to assess joint space, alignment,...
Treatment ranges from conservative (activity modification, bracing, NSAIDs, injections) to surgical;...
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Click T (True) or F (False) for each option