Arthritis
A 55-year-old man presents with progressive right ankle pain over 2 years. He has a history of ankle fracture treated with ORIF 15 years ago. He now struggles to walk more than 500 meters due to pain. Examination reveals reduced ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion with crepitus. Radiographs show end-stage ankle arthritis with osteophyte formation and joint space narrowing. Regarding ankle arthritis management:
Mark each as TRUE or FALSE
Ankle arthritis is most commonly post-traumatic (70-80%), unlike hip and knee which are primarily os...
Non-operative management includes activity modification, weight loss, NSAIDs, intra-articular inject...
Primary osteoarthritis is the most common cause of ankle arthritis; ankle arthritis is more common t...
Ankle arthrodesis is the gold standard for end-stage ankle arthritis with 90% fusion rates; it provi...
Total ankle replacement (TAR) preserves motion and may protect adjacent joints; modern 3-component d...
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Click T (True) or F (False) for each option