Lesser Toe Disorders
A 55-year-old female presents with painful corns over the dorsum of her second and third toes. She has difficulty wearing closed shoes. Examination reveals fixed flexion deformity at the PIP joints with hyperextension at the MTP joints. The deformities are not passively correctable. She has associated hallux valgus with second toe overriding. Regarding hammer toe deformity:
Mark each as TRUE or FALSE
Hammer toe is defined as flexion deformity at the PIP joint, often with hyperextension at the MTP jo...
The most common cause is muscle imbalance from intrinsic-extrinsic dysfunction, often associated wit...
All hammer toes are fixed from the onset; flexible deformities do not exist; conservative management...
Conservative management includes roomy shoes with deep toe boxes, toe sleeves, pads to relieve press...
Surgical options for fixed hammer toe include PIP arthrodesis or resection arthroplasty; for flexibl...
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Click T (True) or F (False) for each option