Congenital Upper Limb Anomalies
A 4-year-old boy is referred because his parents noticed he cannot turn his palm upward. Examination reveals the forearm is fixed in 30 degrees of pronation bilaterally. There is no elbow or wrist pain. X-rays show fusion of the proximal radius and ulna bilaterally with the radial head appearing abnormal. Regarding congenital radioulnar synostosis:
Mark each as TRUE or FALSE
Congenital radioulnar synostosis results from failure of separation of the proximal radius and ulna ...
The Cleary and Omer classification describes four types: Type I (fibrous synostosis with normal radi...
Most children with congenital radioulnar synostosis require surgical treatment in infancy to prevent...
Children with congenital radioulnar synostosis often compensate well through shoulder and wrist moti...
Radioulnar synostosis can be associated with other conditions including chromosomal abnormalities, f...
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Click T (True) or F (False) for each option