Rotational Deformities
A 2-year-old boy is brought by his parents who are concerned about intoeing when he walks. Examination shows that when he sits with knees flexed over the examination table edge, his feet point inward. The thigh-foot angle is -15 degrees bilaterally. Femoral anteversion and foot alignment are normal. The parents want to know if treatment is needed. Regarding tibial torsion:
Mark each as TRUE or FALSE
Tibial torsion refers to the rotational relationship between the proximal and distal tibia; it is me...
The thigh-foot angle (TFA) is measured with the child prone, knee flexed 90 degrees, and ankle in ne...
Tibial torsion is a sagittal plane deformity; newborns have 20 degrees of external torsion; torsion ...
Intoeing can result from three levels: metatarsus adductus (foot), internal tibial torsion (tibia), ...
Internal tibial torsion spontaneously corrects in the vast majority of children by age 5-8 years; ob...
Answer the questions to see explanations
Click T (True) or F (False) for each option