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Spine
intermediate
X-Type

Atlanto-Axial Instability

Upper Cervical Spine

A 35-year-old woman with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis presents with neck pain, occipital headaches, and recent onset of hand clumsiness. Flexion-extension lateral cervical radiographs show an atlanto-dental interval (ADI) of 9mm that increases to 12mm with flexion. MRI shows pannus formation around the odontoid with cord signal change. Regarding atlanto-axial instability:

Mark each as TRUE or FALSE

A

The atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2) allows 50% of cervical rotation; stability depends primarily on the ...

B

Causes of atlanto-axial instability include rheumatoid arthritis (pannus erodes transverse ligament)...

C

The atlanto-axial joint contributes minimal cervical rotation; stability depends primarily on the al...

D

Clinical features include neck pain, occipital headaches (C2 nerve irritation), myelopathic symptoms...

E

Treatment of symptomatic atlanto-axial instability is posterior C1-C2 fusion; techniques include Gal...

Answer the questions to see explanations

Click T (True) or F (False) for each option