Spinal Alignment and Sagittal Balance
A 58-year-old woman presents with chronic low back pain and progressive difficulty standing upright. She reports increasing forward lean when walking and requires a shopping cart for support. Standing lateral radiographs show lumbar lordosis of 25 degrees, pelvic incidence of 65 degrees, pelvic tilt of 35 degrees, and sacral slope of 30 degrees. The C7 plumb line falls 8 cm anterior to the posterior superior corner of S1. Her T1 spinopelvic inclination is 12 degrees. Regarding spinopelvic parameters and sagittal alignment:
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Pelvic incidence (PI) is a fixed morphological parameter unique to each individual, defined as the a...
The fundamental spinopelvic relationship is PI = PT + SS; pelvic tilt (PT) and sacral slope (SS) are...
Pelvic incidence changes with age and decreases after spinal fusion surgery; pelvic tilt is a fixed ...
This patient demonstrates sagittal malalignment with loss of lumbar lordosis relative to pelvic inci...
The ideal lumbar lordosis approximates PI plus or minus 10 degrees (LL should be within 10 degrees o...
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Click T (True) or F (False) for each option