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Trauma
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Tibial Malunion

Tibial Shaft Complications

A 34-year-old man presents 18 months after conservative treatment of a tibial shaft fracture. He reports medial knee pain and altered gait. Clinical examination reveals 15 degrees of varus malalignment. Weight-bearing radiographs confirm 15 degrees of varus with the mechanical axis passing through the medial tibial plateau. There is no limb length discrepancy. The patient is a manual labourer who wishes to return to full duties. Regarding tibial malunion and its correction:

Mark each as TRUE or FALSE

A

Tibial malunion is defined as fracture healing with unacceptable angular, rotational, or translation...

B

The CORA (Centre of Rotation of Angulation) principle is fundamental to deformity correction plannin...

C

Tibial malunion should be treated regardless of symptoms; sagittal plane deformities are less well t...

D

Varus tibial malunion causes medial compartment overload with accelerated medial knee osteoarthritis...

E

Surgical options for tibial malunion include opening wedge osteotomy (maintains or lengthens limb, r...

Answer the questions to see explanations

Click T (True) or F (False) for each option