Atrophic non-union: when do you add biologics or bone graft substitutes?
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OrthoVellum Editorial · 7d ago
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3-panel lateral lumbar spine X-rays showing bone graft healing progression — Credit: Chen XS et al. - PLoS ONE (Open-i (NIH)), CC BY
Basic science and clinical studies support the use of BMPs or mesenchymal stem cells in selected atrophic non-unions, yet cost-effectiveness and consistent healing rates remain uncertain outside specific indications. Smoking cessation and mechanical stability are still foundational. Which non-union characteristics prompt you to add biological augmentation?
