Chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilage-forming tumour and the second most common primary malignancy of bone. Because its avascular matrix makes it profoundly resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, surgery remains the only curative treatment. ⏱ Chapters 0:00 Intro 0:28 Essentials 1:00 Subtypes 1:37 Ccpmd 2:02 Radiographic 2:37 Pest 2:59 Grading 3:27 Enneking 4:00 Management 4:37 Prognosis Numbers 5:11 Clinical reasoning — Pelvis 5:41 Clinical reasoning — Dedifferentiated This comprehensive orthopaedic oncology masterclass breaks down everything you need to know about chondrosarcoma, from its unique pathophysiology and cartilage matrix biology to complex surgical decision-making. We explore the five distinct tumour subtypes, histological grading, the Enneking staging systemand the critical clinical challenge of distinguishing low-grade chondrosarcoma from a benign enchondroma. 🦴 IN THIS VIDEO YOU'LL LEARN • Why chondrosarcoma is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to its avascular cartilage matrix • How to distinguish a benign enchondroma from a low-grade chondrosarcoma using the PEST criteria • The five distinct subtypes of chondrosarcoma using the CCPM-D mnemonic (Central, Clear cell, Periosteal, Mesenchymal, Dedifferentiated) • How histological grading (Grades I to III) directly dictates prognosis and ten-year survival rates • The anatomical distribution of these tumours and why they favour the pelvis and proximal femur • How the Enneking staging system integrates tumour grade and anatomical compartmentalisation • The devastating prognosis and biphasic pathology of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma • The clinical importance of the HEY1-NCOA2 fusion in diagnosing mesenchymal chondrosarcoma • The essential role of wide surgical resection as the primary curative management option ⏱️ CHAPTERS 📌 KEY TAKEAWAYS ✔️ Surgical resection is the ONLY curative treatment; chondrosarcoma is notoriously resistant to both chemo and radiotherapy. ✔️ Histological grade is the single most important prognostic factor, with survival dropping from 90% (Grade I) to 29% (Grade III). ✔️ New pain, endosteal scalloping beyond two-thirds, size over 5cmand positive tracer uptake strongly suggest malignant transformation. ✔️ Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is a deadly biphasic tumour requiring aggressive high-grade sarcoma protocols. ✔️ Pelvic chondrosarcomas carry a worse prognosis due to late presentation and the difficulty of achieving wide surgical margins. 👩⚕️ WHO THIS IS FOR This masterclass is designed for orthopaedic trainees, medical students, junior doctorsand practising clinicians seeking a deep understanding of bone and soft tissue tumours. Curious patients looking to understand the science behind cartilage-forming bone malignancies will also find it highly informative. 📚 RELATED TOPICS: Enchondroma vs chondrosarcoma imaging distinctions · Enneking staging system for musculoskeletal tumours · Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma pathology · Osteosarcoma diagnosis and management · Primary malignant bone tumours overview · Core needle biopsy techniques in orthopaedic oncology 🔗 More free orthopaedic teaching at Orthovellum.com — subscribe for weekly videos. 🎨 CREDITS • Original Orthovellum production. ⚠️ DISCLAIMER: Educational only — not individual medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment. #chondrosarcoma #orthopaedics #orthopaediconcology #bonetumour #malignantbonetumour #cartilagetumour #orthopaedicsurgery #medicine #surgery #musculoskeletal #oncology #pathology #enchondroma