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SLAP Tears (Shoulder Labrum Tear)

SLAP tears (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior) are tears of the cartilage rim at the top of the shoulder socket where the biceps tendon attaches - they commonly occur in overhead athletes from repetitive throwing or in older adults from degeneration, causing deep shoulder pain, clicking, and weakness with overhead activities, with treatment ranging from physiotherapy for mild degenerative tears to arthroscopic surgery for young athletes with Type II tears.

📅Last reviewed: January 2026đŸĨBones & Joints

📖What is SLAP Tears (Shoulder Labrum Tear)?

SLAP tears (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior) are tears of the cartilage rim at the top of the shoulder socket where the biceps tendon attaches - they commonly occur in overhead athletes from repetitive throwing or in older adults from degeneration, causing deep shoulder pain, clicking, and weakness with overhead activities, with treatment ranging from physiotherapy for mild degenerative tears to arthroscopic surgery for young athletes with Type II tears.

đŸ”ŦWhat Causes It?

  • Repetitive overhead throwing motion (baseball pitchers, tennis servers, volleyball players)
  • Acute trauma (falling onto outstretched arm, shoulder dislocation pulling biceps tendon)
  • Degenerative wear in older adults (fraying of labrum over time)
  • Single traumatic event (lifting heavy object, motor vehicle accident with bracing)
  • Combination of repetitive microtrauma plus acute injury

âš ī¸Risk Factors

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You may be at higher risk if:

  • Overhead throwing athletes (baseball pitchers highest risk)
  • Age over 40 years (degenerative SLAP tears more common)
  • Previous shoulder instability or dislocation
  • Occupations requiring repetitive overhead work
  • Poor throwing mechanics or shoulder muscle imbalances

đŸ›Ąī¸Prevention

  • ✓Proper throwing mechanics and coaching for overhead athletes
  • ✓Gradual progression of throwing volume (avoid sudden increases in pitch counts)
  • ✓Strengthen rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers
  • ✓Address muscle imbalances (weak external rotators, tight posterior capsule)
  • ✓Adequate rest between throwing sessions