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Evidence. Clarity. Practice.

© 2026 OrthoVellum. For educational purposes only.

Not medical advice. Verify clinically important information against current local guidance.

Back to Research
Level IVMust KnowArthroplastyCase Series

Evidence brief

Two-Stage Exchange Protocol

Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Chronic Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Infection

Authors
Insall JN, Thompson FM, Brause BD
Journal
J Bone Joint Surg Am
Year
1983

Key Findings

  • 1

    Established two-stage exchange as gold standard for chronic PJI

  • 2

    First stage: explant, debridement, antibiotic spacer

  • 3

    6 weeks minimum antibiotic therapy

  • 4

    Second stage: reimplantation when infection controlled

  • 5

    Success rates 80-90% in subsequent studies

Clinical Implications

Two-stage exchange remains the gold standard for chronic periprosthetic joint infection, particularly for difficult organisms and patients with poor soft tissues. One-stage is emerging for select cases.

Teaching Note

Know indications for two-stage (chronic, resistant organisms, sinus tract, poor soft tissues) vs one-stage (acute, sensitive organism, good soft tissues). Describe spacer types (static vs articulating), antibiotic choice (heat-stable: vancomycin, tobramycin), and reimplantation criteria.

Citation

Insall JN, Thompson FM, Brause BD. Two-stage reimplantation for the salvage of infected total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983;65(8):1087-1098.

PubMed

Evidence Level

IV

Level IV

Case series or case reports

Topics

periprosthetic infectiontwo-stagerevisionspacer

Related Topics

  • Periprosthetic Joint Infection
  • Antibiotic Spacer
  • Revision Arthroplasty

External Links

View on PubMed

Related Papers

I

MSIS Criteria for PJI

Parvizi J (2018)

IV

Charnley Low Friction Arthroplasty

Charnley J (1961)

III

AOANJRR Annual Report

AOANJRR (2023)

II

Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene

Kurtz SM (2011)