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Evidence. Clarity. Practice.

© 2026 OrthoVellum. For educational purposes only.

Not medical advice. Verify clinically important information against current local guidance.

Evidence Library

Landmark orthopaedic papers

A curated evidence library for connecting clinical topics, operative decisions, implant choices, complications, and guideline debates back to the studies that changed practice.

Summaries
99

landmark papers

Essential
78

core evidence

Level I
28

highest evidence tier

How to use this section

Start with the clinical question

Search by condition, operation, implant, complication, or outcome instead of reading papers in isolation.

Filter by practice area

Use subspecialty and quick filters to separate essential trials, decision-changing reviews, and background evidence.

Return to the topic

Evidence summaries should support a management decision, operative selection, or counselling point.

Evidence clusters
99 papers
Evidence filters
Sort by
Core evidence

Must-know papers

Landmark trials, reviews, and practice-changing studies that should anchor clinical reasoning rather than sit as disconnected citations.

Level IMust Know
FLOW

FLOW Trial

A Trial of Wound Irrigation in the Initial Management of Open Fracture Wounds

FLOW Investigators2015N Engl J Med

No difference in reoperation rates between soap vs saline irrigation

Trauma•Randomised Controlled Trial
Level IMust Know
SPRINT

SPRINT Trial

Reamed Intramedullary Nailing versus Unreamed Intramedullary Nailing for Open and Closed Tibial Fractures

Study to Prospectively Evaluate Reamed Intramedullary Nails in Patients with Tibial Fractures Investigators2008J Bone Joint Surg Am

Reamed nailing reduced reoperation risk in closed tibial fractures (RR 0.67)

Trauma•Randomised Controlled Trial
Level IMust Know
FAITH

FAITH Trial

Fracture Fixation in the Operative Management of Hip Fractures (FAITH)

FAITH Investigators2017Lancet

No significant difference between sliding hip screw and cancellous screws for femoral neck fractures

Trauma•Randomised Controlled Trial
Level IMust Know
HEALTH

HEALTH Trial

Total Hip Arthroplasty or Hemiarthroplasty for Hip Fracture

HEALTH Investigators2019N Engl J Med

No significant difference in secondary hip procedures at 24 months (THA 5.3% vs HA 7.5%)

Trauma•Randomised Controlled Trial
Level IVMust Know

Gustilo-Anderson Classification

Prevention of Infection in the Treatment of One Thousand and Twenty-five Open Fractures of Long Bones

Gustilo RB1976J Bone Joint Surg Am

Established the Gustilo-Anderson classification for open fractures (Type I, II, III)

Trauma•Classification System
Level VMust Know

Damage Control Orthopaedics

Damage Control Orthopaedics: Evolving Concepts in the Treatment of Patients Who Have Sustained Orthopaedic Trauma

Pape HC2002Instr Course Lect

Introduced 'damage control orthopaedics' concept for polytrauma

Trauma•Expert Opinion
Evidence library

All papers

Browse the complete evidence library, then use each summary to reinforce management decisions, operative indications, and complication counselling.

Level ITrauma
FLOW

FLOW Trial

A Trial of Wound Irrigation in the Initial Management of Open Fracture Wounds

FLOW Investigators•N Engl J Med•2015

No difference in reoperation rates between soap vs saline irrigation

open fractureirrigationwound management+2 more
Level ITrauma
SPRINT

SPRINT Trial

Reamed Intramedullary Nailing versus Unreamed Intramedullary Nailing for Open and Closed Tibial Fractures

Study to Prospectively Evaluate Reamed Intramedullary Nails in Patients with Tibial Fractures Investigators•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2008

Reamed nailing reduced reoperation risk in closed tibial fractures (RR 0.67)

tibial fractureintramedullary nailingreamed+2 more
Level ITrauma
FAITH

FAITH Trial

Fracture Fixation in the Operative Management of Hip Fractures (FAITH)

FAITH Investigators•Lancet•2017

No significant difference between sliding hip screw and cancellous screws for femoral neck fractures

femoral neck fracturesliding hip screwcancellous screws+1 more
Level ITrauma
HEALTH

HEALTH Trial

Total Hip Arthroplasty or Hemiarthroplasty for Hip Fracture

HEALTH Investigators•N Engl J Med•2019

No significant difference in secondary hip procedures at 24 months (THA 5.3% vs HA 7.5%)

femoral neck fracturehip arthroplastyhemiarthroplasty+2 more
Level IVTrauma

Gustilo-Anderson Classification

Prevention of Infection in the Treatment of One Thousand and Twenty-five Open Fractures of Long Bones

Gustilo RB•J Bone Joint Surg Am•1976

Established the Gustilo-Anderson classification for open fractures (Type I, II, III)

open fractureclassificationinfection+1 more
Level VTrauma

Damage Control Orthopaedics

Damage Control Orthopaedics: Evolving Concepts in the Treatment of Patients Who Have Sustained Orthopaedic Trauma

Pape HC•Instr Course Lect•2002

Introduced 'damage control orthopaedics' concept for polytrauma

polytraumadamage controlexternal fixation+1 more
Level VTrauma

Tile Pelvic Classification

Fractures of the Pelvis and Acetabulum

Tile M•Williams & Wilkins•1984

Type A: Stable - intact posterior ring (A1 avulsion, A2 iliac wing, A3 transverse sacral)

pelvic fractureclassificationstability+1 more
Level IVTrauma

Garden Classification

Low-angle Fixation in Fractures of the Femoral Neck

Garden RS•J Bone Joint Surg Br•1961

Garden I: Incomplete/impacted, valgus angulation

femoral neck fractureclassificationdisplacement+1 more
Level IITrauma
LEAP

LEAP Study

An Analysis of Outcomes of Reconstruction or Amputation after Leg-Threatening Injuries

Bosse MJ•N Engl J Med•2002

No significant difference in functional outcomes between amputation and reconstruction at 2 years

limb salvageamputationmangled extremity+2 more
Level ITrauma

CHEST VTE Guidelines

Prevention of VTE in Orthopedic Surgery Patients: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report

Falck-Ytter Y•Chest•2012

Recommends pharmacological prophylaxis for major orthopaedic surgery

VTE prophylaxisDVTPE+2 more
Level VTrauma
ATLS

ATLS Protocol

Advanced Trauma Life Support

American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma•American College of Surgeons•2018

Standardized approach to trauma patient assessment

trauma resuscitationprimary surveyguidelines+1 more
Level IVArthroplasty

Charnley Low Friction Arthroplasty

Arthroplasty of the Hip: A New Operation

Charnley J•Lancet•1961

Introduced the low friction arthroplasty concept

total hip arthroplastylow frictioncemented+2 more
Level IIIArthroplasty

AOANJRR Annual Report

Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry Annual Report

AOANJRR•AOANJRR•2023

Largest and most comprehensive joint replacement registry globally

registryoutcomesrevision rates+2 more
Level IIArthroplasty

Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene

Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Kurtz SM•Biomaterials•2011

Cross-linking reduces wear rates by 50-90% compared to conventional UHMWPE

polyethylenebearing surfacewear+2 more
Level IIIArthroplasty

Metal-on-Metal Complications

Metal-on-Metal Bearings and Hypersensitivity in Patients with Artificial Hip Joints

Pandit H•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2008

Described pseudotumors and ALTR in MoM hip arthroplasty

metal-on-metalALTRpseudotumor+2 more
Level IArthroplasty
TOPKAT

TOPKAT Trial

Total or Partial Knee Arthroplasty Trial (TOPKAT)

Beard DJ•Lancet•2019

No significant difference in Oxford Knee Score at 5 years

unicompartmental kneetotal kneeosteoarthritis+2 more
Level IArthroplasty
MSIS

MSIS Criteria for PJI

The 2018 Definition of Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Infection

Parvizi J•J Arthroplasty•2018

Major criteria: Two positive cultures OR sinus tract communicating with joint

periprosthetic infectionPJIdiagnosis+2 more
Level IVArthroplasty

Two-Stage Exchange Protocol

Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Chronic Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Infection

Insall JN•J Bone Joint Surg Am•1983

Established two-stage exchange as gold standard for chronic PJI

periprosthetic infectiontwo-stagerevision+1 more
Level IArthroplasty
EPCAT

Aspirin VTE Prophylaxis

Aspirin for VTE Prophylaxis in Total Joint Arthroplasty

Anderson DR•N Engl J Med•2018

Aspirin non-inferior to rivaroxaban for symptomatic VTE prevention

VTE prophylaxisaspirinrivaroxaban+2 more
Level ISpine
SPORT

SPORT Trial - Disc Herniation

Surgical vs Nonoperative Treatment for Lumbar Disk Herniation: The Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT)

Weinstein JN•JAMA•2006

High crossover rate (50%) limited intent-to-treat analysis

lumbar disc herniationdiscectomyconservative+2 more
Level ISpine
SPORT

SPORT Trial - Stenosis

Surgical vs Nonoperative Treatment for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Weinstein JN•N Engl J Med•2008

Surgery superior to non-operative treatment at 4 years

lumbar stenosisdecompressionlaminectomy+1 more
Level IVSpine

TLICS Classification

A Novel Classification System for Thoracolumbar Injuries: The TLICS

Vaccaro AR•Spine•2005

Three components: morphology, PLC integrity, neurological status

thoracolumbar fractureclassificationTLICS+1 more
Level IVSpine

Denis Three-Column Concept

The Three Column Spine and Its Significance in the Classification of Acute Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries

Denis F•Spine•1983

Anterior column: anterior 2/3 vertebral body, anterior longitudinal ligament

thoracolumbarthree columnstability+1 more
Level IVSpine

SLIC Classification

The Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System (SLIC)

Vaccaro AR•Spine•2007

Similar philosophy to TLICS for cervical spine

cervical fractureclassificationSLIC+1 more
Level ISpine

Cauda Equina Surgery Timing

Timing of Surgery for Cauda Equina Syndrome

Ahn UM•Spine•2000

Surgery within 48 hours associated with better outcomes

cauda equinaemergencytiming+1 more
Level IISpine

Cervical Myelopathy Surgery

Surgical Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Fehlings MG•Spine•2013

Surgery effective for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

cervical myelopathydecompressionACDF+2 more
Level IVSpine

Lenke Classification AIS

The Lenke Classification of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Lenke LG•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2001

Curve type (1-6) based on structural criteria on bending films

scoliosisAISclassification+2 more
Level IVSpine

Levine-Edwards Classification

Management of Hangman's Fractures

Levine AM•J Bone Joint Surg Am•1985

Type I: <3mm displacement, no angulation - stable, collar

hangman fractureC2classification+1 more
Level IISports Medicine
MOON

MOON ACL Cohort

Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) ACL Reconstruction Cohort

MOON Knee Group•Am J Sports Med•2011

Largest prospective ACL reconstruction cohort (3,000+ patients)

ACLreconstructionoutcomes+2 more
Level IISports Medicine
MARS

MARS Revision ACL Study

Multicenter ACL Revision Study (MARS) Group Outcomes

MARS Group•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2014

Revision ACL has worse outcomes than primary

ACLrevisiongraft failure+2 more
Level IIISports Medicine

Meniscal Repair Outcomes

Long-Term Outcomes of Meniscal Repair vs Meniscectomy

Stein T•Am J Sports Med•2010

Meniscal repair superior to meniscectomy at long-term follow-up

meniscal repairmeniscectomyoutcomes+1 more
Level IIISports Medicine

Rotator Cuff Repair Evidence

Rotator Cuff Repair: Outcomes and Failure Rates

Galatz LM•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2004

High retear rates (20-70%) depending on tear size

rotator cuffrepairretear+1 more
Level ISports Medicine

ACL Graft Comparison

Hamstring vs Patellar Tendon Autograft for ACL Reconstruction

Xie X•Am J Sports Med•2015

Similar overall outcomes and stability

ACLgraft choicehamstring+2 more
Level IISports Medicine

Return to Sport Criteria

Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction: Criteria and Outcomes

Grindem H•Br J Sports Med•2016

Passing return-to-sport criteria reduces reinjury by 84%

ACLreturn to sportcriteria+1 more
Level ISports Medicine

Multiligament Knee Injury

Management of Multiligament Knee Injuries

Levy BA•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2009

Surgical treatment superior to non-operative for most patterns

knee dislocationmultiligamentPCL+1 more
Level IHand & Upper Limb

Carpal Tunnel Release Evidence

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Outcomes of Surgical Treatment

Shi Q•J Hand Surg Am•2011

Surgery superior to splinting for severe CTS

carpal tunnelsurgical releasenerve compression+1 more
Level IIIHand & Upper Limb

Zone II Flexor Tendon Repair

Flexor Tendon Repair: Zone II 'No Man's Land'

Strickland JW•J Hand Surg Am•1980

Zone II (A1 to FDS insertion) historically 'no man's land'

flexor tendonzone IIrepair+1 more
Level IHand & Upper Limb

Scaphoid Fracture Evidence

Scaphoid Fracture Management: Fixation vs Casting

Buijze GA•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2010

Surgical fixation faster return to function

scaphoidfracturefixation+2 more
Level IVHand & Upper Limb

Distal Radius Volar Plating

Distal Radius Fracture Fixation: Volar Locking Plates

Orbay JL•Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg•2002

Volar approach avoids extensor tendon complications

distal radiusvolar platelocking plate+1 more
Level VHand & Upper Limb

Nerve Repair Evidence

Peripheral Nerve Repair Principles

Mackinnon SE•Surgery of the Peripheral Nerve•1988

Tension-free repair essential

nerve repairmicrosurgeryregeneration+1 more
Level IVHand & Upper Limb

Thumb UCL (Gamekeeper's) Repair

Surgical Treatment of Thumb UCL Injuries

Campbell CS•J Bone Joint Surg Br•1955

Stener lesion prevents healing with conservative treatment

thumb UCLgamekeeperskier thumb+1 more
Level VHand & Upper Limb

Tendon Transfer Principles

Tendon Transfer Principles in the Upper Extremity

Brand PW•Clinical Mechanics of the Hand•1985

Donor must be expendable and strong enough

tendon transferparalysisreconstruction+1 more
Level IVHand & Upper Limb

Replantation Indications

Indications for Digital Replantation

Tamai S•Orthop Clin North Am•1993

Thumb replantation almost always indicated

replantationmicrosurgeryamputation+1 more
Level IFoot & Ankle

Achilles Rupture Management

Operative vs Nonoperative Treatment of Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture

Willits K•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2010

No significant difference in re-rupture rates with functional rehabilitation

Achillestendon ruptureoperative+2 more
Level IFoot & Ankle

Ankle Fracture Fixation

Surgical vs Conservative Treatment of Ankle Fractures

Bauer M•J Bone Joint Surg Br•1985

Anatomic reduction critical for outcomes

ankle fractureORIFmalleolus+1 more
Level IIIFoot & Ankle

Hallux Valgus Surgery

Surgical Correction of Hallux Valgus: Osteotomy Selection

Robinson AH•J Bone Joint Surg Br•2005

Osteotomy selection based on deformity severity

hallux valgusbunionosteotomy+2 more
Level IFoot & Ankle

Diabetic Foot Infections

Diabetic Foot Infection: Diagnosis and Management

Lipsky BA•Clin Infect Dis•2012

Clinical diagnosis of infection based on inflammation signs

diabetic footinfectionguidelines+1 more
Level IVFoot & Ankle

Charcot Foot Management

Charcot Neuroarthropathy: Staging and Management

Eichenholtz SN•Charcot Joints•1966

Stage 0 (Prodromal): swelling, warmth, normal X-ray

Charcotneuropathydiabetes+1 more
Level IIIFoot & Ankle

Lisfranc Injury Management

Lisfranc Injuries: Diagnosis and Treatment

Myerson MS•Foot Ankle•1986

Anatomic reduction critical for outcomes

Lisfranctarsometatarsaldislocation+1 more
Level IFoot & Ankle

Ankle Replacement vs Fusion

Total Ankle Arthroplasty vs Arthrodesis

Haddad SL•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2007

Similar functional outcomes between TAA and fusion

ankle arthroplastyankle fusionarthrodesis+1 more
Level IVFoot & Ankle

Adult Flatfoot Classification

Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: Classification and Treatment

Johnson KA•Clin Orthop Relat Res•1989

Stage I: Tendinitis, no deformity

flatfootposterior tibial tendonAAFD+1 more
Level IVPaediatrics

DDH Screening

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Screening and Early Treatment

Graf R•Ultraschall Med•1984

Graf classification based on ultrasound morphology

DDHultrasoundscreening+2 more
Level IIPaediatrics

Perthes Classification

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: Classification and Prognosis

Herring JA•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2004

Herring lateral pillar classification predicts outcome

PerthesHerringclassification+1 more
Level IIIPaediatrics

SCFE Treatment

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Surgical Treatment

Loder RT•J Bone Joint Surg Am•1993

Stable vs unstable classification based on ability to weight bear

SCFEslipped epiphysisin situ pinning+1 more
Level IVPaediatrics

Ponseti Clubfoot Method

The Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment

Ponseti IV•J Bone Joint Surg Am•1963

Serial manipulation and casting corrects clubfoot

clubfootPonseticasting+1 more
Level IVPaediatrics

Supracondylar Fracture Management

Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: Classification and Treatment

Gartland JJ•Surg Gynecol Obstet•1959

Type I: undisplaced

supracondylarGartlandpediatric fracture+1 more
Level IVPaediatrics

AIS Surgery Outcomes

Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Harrington PR•J Bone Joint Surg Am•1962

First widely successful scoliosis instrumentation

scoliosisAISspinal fusion+1 more
Level VPaediatrics

CP Gait Analysis

Gait Analysis in Cerebral Palsy

Gage JR•Gait Analysis in Cerebral Palsy•1991

3D gait analysis guides surgical planning

cerebral palsygait analysisGMFCS+1 more
Level VPaediatrics

Bone Age Assessment

Skeletal Maturity Assessment: Greulich-Pyle Atlas

Greulich WW•Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development•1959

Left hand/wrist PA radiograph compared to atlas

bone ageskeletal maturitygrowth+1 more
Level VPaediatrics

Non-Accidental Injury

Non-Accidental Injury: Skeletal Manifestations

Kleinman PK•Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse•1998

Classic metaphyseal lesions (bucket handle/corner fractures)

non-accidental injurychild abusefracture patterns+1 more
Level IVOncology

Enneking Staging System

A System of Staging Musculoskeletal Neoplasms

Enneking WF•Clin Orthop Relat Res•1980

Based on Grade (G), Site (T), Metastasis (M)

stagingEnnekingmusculoskeletal tumors+1 more
Level IVOncology

Mirels Scoring System

Metastatic Bone Disease: Mirels Scoring for Pathological Fracture Risk

Mirels H•Clin Orthop Relat Res•1989

Scoring: site, pain, lesion type, size (1-3 each)

metastatic diseasepathological fractureMirels+1 more
Level IIIOncology

Limb Salvage vs Amputation

Limb Salvage Surgery for Primary Bone Tumors

Simon MA•J Bone Joint Surg Am•1986

Similar survival rates for limb salvage vs amputation

limb salvageosteosarcomaamputation+1 more
Level IIIOncology

Osteosarcoma Chemotherapy

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma

Rosen G•Cancer•1982

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy allows tumor response assessment

osteosarcomachemotherapyneoadjuvant+1 more
Level IOncology

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Management

Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Wide Excision and Radiation

Rosenberg SA•Ann Surg•1982

Wide local excision + radiation = amputation survival

soft tissue sarcomaradiationlimb salvage+1 more
Level IIIOncology

Giant Cell Tumor Management

Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Treatment Options

Campanacci M•J Bone Joint Surg Am•1987

Campanacci classification: I, II, III based on cortical involvement

giant cell tumorcurettagedenosumab+1 more
Level IIIOncology

Chondrosarcoma Management

Chondrosarcoma: Surgical Treatment

Evans HL•Cancer•1977

Histological grading (I, II, III) predicts behavior

chondrosarcomagradingsurgical resection+1 more
Level IIOncology

Ewing Sarcoma Treatment

Ewing Sarcoma: Multimodality Treatment

Juergens C•J Clin Oncol•2006

Chemotherapy + local control (surgery and/or radiation)

Ewing sarcomachemotherapyradiation+1 more
Level IIIOncology

Oncology Biopsy Principles

Biopsy Principles in Musculoskeletal Oncology

Mankin HJ•J Bone Joint Surg Am•1996

Poorly planned biopsy can compromise limb salvage

biopsysurgical techniquereferral+1 more
Level VBasic Science

Perren Strain Theory

Physical and Biological Aspects of Fracture Healing

Perren SM•Clin Orthop Relat Res•1979

Interfragmentary strain theory explains healing

fracture healingstrain theorybiomechanics+1 more
Level VBasic Science

AO Principles

AO Principles of Fracture Management

Müller ME•Manual of Internal Fixation•1969

Anatomic reduction (especially articular)

AOfracture fixationprinciples+1 more
Level VBasic Science

Wolff's Law

Wolff's Law: Bone Adaptation to Mechanical Loading

Wolff J•The Law of Bone Remodeling•1892

Bone adapts to loads placed upon it

bone remodelingWolffmechanobiology+1 more
Level VBasic Science

Tissue Viscoelasticity

Viscoelastic Properties of Biological Tissues

Fung YC•Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues•1993

Creep: constant load, increasing deformation over time

viscoelasticitycreepstress relaxation+1 more
Level IVBasic Science

Bone Graft Biology

Bone Grafting: Biological Principles

Khan SN•J Am Acad Orthop Surg•2005

Osteogenesis: living cells that form bone

bone graftosteoinductionosteoconduction+1 more
Level VBasic Science

Orthopaedic Biomaterials

Biomaterials in Orthopaedic Surgery

Ratner BD•Biomaterials Science•2004

Metals: stainless steel, titanium, cobalt-chrome

biomaterialsmetalspolymers+2 more
Level IIIBasic Science

Biofilm Biology

Biofilm Formation on Orthopaedic Implants

Costerton JW•Science•1999

Bacteria adhere to implant surfaces forming biofilm

biofilminfectionimplants+1 more
Level VBasic Science

Cartilage Biology

Articular Cartilage Structure and Function

Mow VC•Biomaterials•1992

Type II collagen provides tensile strength

cartilagebiomechanicsproteoglycans+1 more
Level IIIBasic Science

Osteoporosis Pathophysiology

Bone Remodeling and Osteoporosis

Riggs BL•J Bone Miner Res•1998

Bone remodeling: coupled osteoclast-osteoblast activity

osteoporosisbone remodelingestrogen+1 more
Level ITrauma
INSITE

INSITE Trial

Effect of a Gentamicin-Impregnated Nail Coating on Prevention of Deep Surgical Site Infection After Intramedullary Nailing

Metsemakers WJ•JAMA Surg•2022

Gentamicin-coated nail did not significantly reduce deep surgical site infection

antibiotic coatinginfection preventionintramedullary nail+1 more
Level IIITrauma

FIXD Trial (Pilot)

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Versus Total Hip Arthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures

Gao H•Orthopedics•2017

Young patients (<60 years) with displaced femoral neck fractures have high complication rates after ORIF

femoral neck fractureyoung patientinternal fixation+1 more
Level ITrauma

EAST Open Fracture Guidelines

The EAST Practice Management Guidelines Work Group Guidelines for the Management of Open Fractures

Hoff WS•J Trauma•2011

Antibiotics should be administered as soon as possible after injury

open fractureantibioticsdebridement+1 more
Level IITrauma
METRC

METRC Studies

Timing of Wound Closure in Open Fractures

METRC (Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium)•Multiple•2020

METRC consortium produces high-quality trauma research

open fracturewound closurenegative pressure+1 more
Level IIIArthroplasty

Ceramic-on-Ceramic THR

Alumina-on-Alumina Total Hip Replacement: A Five to Eighteen Year Prospective Study

Bizot P•J Bone Joint Surg Br•2000

Ceramic-on-ceramic provides excellent wear characteristics

ceramicbearing surfacealumina+2 more
Level IArthroplasty

DAA vs Posterior Approach

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Direct Anterior versus Posterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty

Barrett WP•J Arthroplasty•2013

DAA associated with shorter hospital stay and faster early recovery

surgical approachdirect anteriorposterior+2 more
Level IIIArthroplasty

TKA Alignment Debate

Mechanical Axis Versus Kinematic Axis in TKA

Howell SM•Clin Orthop Relat Res•2013

Mechanical alignment targets neutral mechanical axis (HKA 180°)

knee alignmentkinematicmechanical+2 more
Level IIArthroplasty
ERAS

ERAS Protocols

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in Arthroplasty

Kehlet H•Br J Anaesth•2019

Multimodal approach reduces length of stay and complications

enhanced recoveryERASfast-track+1 more
Level IIIArthroplasty

Dual Mobility THA

Dual Mobility Cups in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Bouchet R•Int Orthop•2011

Dual mobility significantly reduces dislocation risk

dual mobilitydislocationstability+1 more
Level IIIArthroplasty

Corail Stem Outcomes

The Corail Fully Hydroxyapatite-Coated Stem: Long-Term Follow-up

Vidalain JP•J Bone Joint Surg Br•2011

Excellent 20-year survival (>95%)

uncemented stemhydroxyapatiteCorail+1 more
Level ISpine

Lumbar Fusion Evidence

Lumbar Fusion vs Nonsurgical Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain

Fritzell P•Spine•2001

Fusion superior to non-operative treatment at 2 years

lumbar fusionchronic back painRCT+1 more
Level ISports Medicine

Bankart Repair Evidence

Arthroscopic vs Open Bankart Repair for Shoulder Instability

Mohtadi NG•Arthroscopy•2005

Similar recurrence rates for arthroscopic and open repair

bankart repairshoulder instabilityarthroscopic+1 more
Level ISports Medicine

PRP Evidence

Platelet-Rich Plasma in Orthopaedic Surgery: Evidence Review

Sheth U•Am J Sports Med•2012

Heterogeneity in PRP preparations limits conclusions

PRPbiologicshealing+1 more
Level IIISports Medicine

FAI Surgery Outcomes

Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement

Philippon MJ•Am J Sports Med•2009

Hip arthroscopy effective for FAI with good outcomes

FAIhip arthroscopylabral repair+1 more
Level IHand & Upper Limb

Collagenase for Dupuytren's

Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum for Dupuytren's Contracture

Hurst LC•N Engl J Med•2009

Collagenase effective for cord rupture

DupuytrencollagenaseXiaflex+2 more
Level IIIHand & Upper Limb

Radial Head Replacement

Radial Head Arthroplasty for Fractures

Sanchez-Sotelo J•J Bone Joint Surg Br•2000

Radial head replacement restores elbow stability

radial headarthroplastyelbow fracture+1 more
Level IIFoot & Ankle

Syndesmosis Fixation

Syndesmotic Injuries: Fixation and Outcomes

Naqvi GA•J Bone Joint Surg Br•2012

Suture button devices allow dynamic fixation

syndesmosisankleTightRope+1 more
Level IFoot & Ankle

Plantar Fasciitis Evidence

Plantar Fasciitis Treatment: Evidence-Based Approach

DiGiovanni BF•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2003

Plantar fascia-specific stretching superior to Achilles stretching

plantar fasciitisheel painstretching+1 more
Level IIPaediatrics

OI Bisphosphonate Treatment

Bisphosphonate Treatment for Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Glorieux FH•N Engl J Med•1998

Cyclic IV pamidronate increases BMD in OI

osteogenesis imperfectabisphosphonatepamidronate+1 more
Level VOncology

Benign Tumor Management

Benign Bone Tumors: Management Principles

Unni KK•Dahlin's Bone Tumors•2010

Most benign tumors: observation or simple excision

benign tumorsobservationcurettage+1 more
Level IVBasic Science

Tendon Healing Biology

Tendon Healing and Repair Biology

Sharma P•J Bone Joint Surg Am•2005

Intrinsic healing from tendon cells

tendon healingtendinopathyrepair biology

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