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Evidence. Clarity. Practice.

© 2026 OrthoVellum. For educational purposes only.

Not medical advice. Verify clinically important information against current local guidance.

Back to Research
Level IVMust KnowSpineClassification System

Evidence brief

TLICS Classification

A Novel Classification System for Thoracolumbar Injuries: The TLICS

Authors
Vaccaro AR, Lehman RA, Hurlbert RJ, et al
Journal
Spine
Year
2005

Key Findings

  • 1

    Three components: morphology, PLC integrity, neurological status

  • 2

    Morphology: compression (1), burst (2), translation/rotation (3), distraction (4)

  • 3

    PLC: intact (0), indeterminate (2), injured (3)

  • 4

    Neurology: intact (0), nerve root injury (2), complete (2), incomplete (3), cauda equina (3)

  • 5

    Score <4: non-operative, =4: surgeon discretion, >4: operative

Clinical Implications

TLICS provides a systematic, evidence-based approach to thoracolumbar injury management. It guides treatment decisions based on stability, neurology, and injury pattern.

Teaching Note

Must calculate TLICS score in trauma viva. Components and points are heavily tested. Key concept: PLC integrity is crucial - if indeterminate, get MRI. Score ≥4 generally indicates surgery. Practice with cases: compression burst vs flexion-distraction.

Citation

Vaccaro AR et al. A new classification of thoracolumbar injuries: the importance of injury morphology, the integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex, and neurologic status. Spine. 2005;30(20):2325-2333.

PubMed

Evidence Level

IV

Level IV

Case series or case reports

Topics

thoracolumbar fractureclassificationTLICStrauma

Related Topics

  • Thoracolumbar Fractures
  • Burst Fractures
  • Chance Fractures

External Links

View on PubMed

Related Papers

IV

SLIC Classification

Vaccaro AR (2007)

IV

Denis Three-Column Concept

Denis F (1983)

IV

Lenke Classification AIS

Lenke LG (2001)

IV

Levine-Edwards Classification

Levine AM (1985)