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Evidence. Clarity. Practice.

© 2026 OrthoVellum. For educational purposes only.

Not medical advice. Verify clinically important information against current local guidance.

Back to Research
Level IIMust KnowTraumaProspective Cohort

Evidence brief

LEAP:LEAP Study

An Analysis of Outcomes of Reconstruction or Amputation after Leg-Threatening Injuries

Authors
Bosse MJ, MacKenzie EJ, Kellam JF, et al
Journal
N Engl J Med
Year
2002
Sample
n=569
Follow-up
24 months

Key Findings

  • 1

    No significant difference in functional outcomes between amputation and reconstruction at 2 years

  • 2

    Both groups had significant disability

  • 3

    Existing limb salvage scores (MESS, LSI) did not reliably predict salvage success

  • 4

    569 patients with severe lower extremity trauma

  • 5

    Reconstruction had higher complication rates but similar final function

Clinical Implications

LEAP study demonstrated that neither amputation nor reconstruction is inherently superior for functional outcomes in mangled extremities. The decision should involve patient preferences, and existing scoring systems should not be used to mandate amputation.

Teaching Note

Key exam point: LEAP showed limb salvage scores (MESS, LSI, PSI, NISSSA) are NOT reliable predictors of outcome. Don't use scores to 'rule in' amputation. Decision should be individualized. Know the 2-year functional equivalence finding.

Citation

Bosse MJ, MacKenzie EJ, Kellam JF, et al. An analysis of outcomes of reconstruction or amputation after leg-threatening injuries. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(24):1924-1931.

PubMedDOI

Evidence Level

II

Level II

Lesser quality RCT or prospective comparative study

Topics

limb salvageamputationmangled extremityoutcomesprospective cohort

Related Topics

  • Mangled Extremity
  • Open Fractures
  • Amputation Surgery

External Links

View on PubMedView via DOI

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