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Evidence. Clarity. Practice.

© 2026 OrthoVellum. For educational purposes only.

Not medical advice. Verify clinically important information against current local guidance.

Back to Research
Level IVMust KnowOncologyClassification System

Evidence brief

Mirels Scoring System

Metastatic Bone Disease: Mirels Scoring for Pathological Fracture Risk

Authors
Mirels H
Journal
Clin Orthop Relat Res
Year
1989

Key Findings

  • 1

    Scoring: site, pain, lesion type, size (1-3 each)

  • 2

    Score ≤7: low fracture risk, radiotherapy

  • 3

    Score ≥9: high fracture risk, prophylactic fixation

  • 4

    Score 8: borderline, clinical judgment

  • 5

    Helps prioritize surgical intervention

Clinical Implications

Mirels score provides objective assessment of pathological fracture risk, guiding prophylactic fixation decisions in metastatic bone disease.

Teaching Note

Know Mirels criteria: Site (upper/lower/peritrochanteric), Pain (mild/moderate/functional), Lesion (blastic/mixed/lytic), Size (<1/3, 1/3-2/3, >2/3). Score ≥9 = prophylactic fixation. Discuss limitations and clinical judgment. Most common sites: proximal femur, humerus.

Citation

Mirels H. Metastatic disease in long bones: A proposed scoring system for diagnosing impending pathologic fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;(249):256-264.

PubMed

Evidence Level

IV

Level IV

Case series or case reports

Topics

metastatic diseasepathological fractureMirelsscoring

Related Topics

  • Metastatic Bone Disease
  • Pathological Fracture
  • Prophylactic Fixation

External Links

View on PubMed

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