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Evidence. Clarity. Practice.

© 2026 OrthoVellum. For educational purposes only.

Not medical advice. Verify clinically important information against current local guidance.

Back to Research
Level IVMust KnowHand & Upper LimbCase Series

Evidence brief

Replantation Indications

Indications for Digital Replantation

Authors
Tamai S
Journal
Orthop Clin North Am
Year
1993

Key Findings

  • 1

    Thumb replantation almost always indicated

  • 2

    Multiple digit amputations favor replantation

  • 3

    Children have better outcomes

  • 4

    Sharp amputations better than crush/avulsion

  • 5

    Warm ischemia time <6 hours, cold <12 hours for digits

Clinical Implications

Replantation decision-making balances surgical feasibility against expected functional outcome. Clear indications exist where replantation offers superior outcomes to amputation.

Teaching Note

Know absolute indications: thumb, multiple digits, hand at any level, child. Relative: single digit distal to FDS insertion, ring avulsion (Kay classification). Contraindications: single finger proximal to FDS, severe crush, associated life-threatening injury, smoking. Know preservation technique.

Citation

Tamai S. Twenty years' experience of limb replantation: review of 293 upper extremity replants. J Hand Surg Am. 1982;7(6):549-556.

PubMed

Evidence Level

IV

Level IV

Case series or case reports

Topics

replantationmicrosurgeryamputationindications

Related Topics

  • Digital Replantation
  • Microsurgery
  • Hand Amputation

External Links

View on PubMed

Related Papers

V

Nerve Repair Evidence

Mackinnon SE (1988)

IV

Distal Radius Volar Plating

Orbay JL (2002)

IV

Thumb UCL (Gamekeeper's) Repair

Campbell CS (1955)

I

Carpal Tunnel Release Evidence

Shi Q (2011)