foot ankle
Achilles Tendon Rupture
intermediate
6 min
28 marks
6 questions
Clinical Scenario
A 42-year-old recreational tennis player presents to the emergency department after feeling a sudden "pop" in his left heel while lunging for a shot. He felt as if someone had kicked him in the back of the leg. He was unable to continue playing and has difficulty walking. On examination, there is a palpable gap 5cm proximal to the heel. The Thompson test is positive bilaterally compared (no plantar flexion on squeezing the calf). He can weakly plantar flex using his toe flexors.
Clinical photograph demonstrating the Thompson (Simmonds) test being performed on a patient with acute Achilles tendon rupture. With the patient prone and feet over the edge of the bed, squeezing the calf fails to produce plantar flexion of the foot (positive test). A palpable gap is visible 4-6cm proximal to the calcaneal insertion, with bruising over the posterior ankle.
Image source: Open Access medical literature (NIH/PubMed Central) • CC-BY License
Questions
Question 1 (4 marks)
Describe the clinical features and diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture.
Question 2 (5 marks)
What are the treatment options and current evidence?
Question 3 (6 marks)
Describe the surgical technique for Achilles repair.
Question 4 (5 marks)
What is the rehabilitation protocol?
Question 5 (4 marks)
How do you manage chronic or neglected Achilles ruptures?
Question 6 (4 marks)
What are the complications and outcomes?
Exam Day Cheat Sheet
Must Mention
- •Peak age 30-50, "weekend warrior"
- •Rupture 2-6cm proximal (watershed area)
- •Thompson test = squeeze calf, no plantar flexion
- •Can still plantar flex via toe flexors (trap!)
- •Evidence: functional rehab ≈ surgery
- •Sural nerve risk 6-15% with percutaneous
Common Pitfalls
- •Assuming surgery is always needed
- •Missing diagnosis (toe flexors work)
- •Sural nerve injury
- •Over/under-tensioning repair
- •Wrong location of rupture
- •Not knowing current evidence