General Orthopaedic Topics
General orthopaedic topics. 28 evidence-informed references covering conditions, classifications, management and high-yield exam notes for FRCS (Tr&Orth), FRACS, EBOT and ABOS preparation.
All General topics (28)
- Atypical Mycobacterial InfectionComprehensive guide to Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) in orthopaedic practice including M. marinum fish tank granuloma, M. avium complex, rapidly growing mycobacteria, rice body tenosynovitis, diagnosis with AFB culture and PCR, and prolonged multi-drug treatment for fellowship exam preparation
- Bone Transport TechniquesComprehensive guide to bone transport - segmental bone defect management, distraction osteogenesis, docking site management for fellowship exam preparation
- Chronic Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of GarréFellowship-level guide to chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garré: dense cortical sclerosis without sequestrum, its overlap with sterile autoinflammatory bone disease, tumour mimics, biopsy strategy and medical-first management.
- Deformity Analysis - CORA and MADComprehensive guide to deformity analysis - mechanical axis deviation, centre of rotation of angulation, joint orientation angles and osteotomy planning
- Fungal OsteomyelitisComprehensive guide to fungal osteomyelitis - Candida, Aspergillus, endemic mycoses (Coccidioides, Blastomyces, Histoplasma), Cryptococcus, risk factors, diagnosis with tissue biopsy, 1,3-beta-D-glucan, and prolonged antifungal therapy for orthopaedic fellowship examinations
- Gout and Crystal ArthropathyComprehensive guide to gout and crystal-induced arthropathies - monosodium urate crystals, acute attacks, chronic tophaceous gout, and orthopaedic management for fellowship exam preparation
- Hydatid Disease of Bone (Skeletal Echinococcosis)Skeletal hydatid disease — endemic parasitic osteolysis that behaves like a locally aggressive tumour, its imaging mimics, biopsy safety rules, radical excision principles and relapsing long-term course.
- Ilizarov External FixationComprehensive guide to Ilizarov external fixation - circular frame principles, wire tensioning, ring construction, and applications for fellowship exam preparation
- Limb Lengthening PrinciplesComprehensive guide to limb lengthening - distraction osteogenesis, Ilizarov principles, indications, techniques, and complications for fellowship exam preparation
- Lyme Disease - Musculoskeletal ManifestationsComprehensive guide to Lyme arthritis and musculoskeletal manifestations of Borrelia burgdorferi infection - erythema migrans, migratory arthralgia, Lyme arthritis, two-tier testing, and orthopaedic management for fellowship exam preparation
- MelorheostosisComprehensive coverage of melorheostosis including pathophysiology, MAP2K1 mutations, dripping candle wax radiographic appearance, sclerotomal distribution, management strategies, and surgical complications for orthopaedic surgery examination preparation
- Mycetoma (Madura Foot): Orthopaedic Assessment and ManagementFellowship-level guide to mycetoma — the diagnostic triad, eumycetoma versus actinomycetoma, dot-in-circle imaging, deep biopsy, medical cure versus wide excision, and amputation thresholds.
- Necrotizing FasciitisComprehensive guide to necrotising fasciitis - classification, LRINEC score, hard vs soft signs, surgical debridement, and antibiotic management for orthopaedic exam
- Orthotic Prescription PrinciplesComprehensive guide to orthotic prescription including nomenclature, biomechanics, AFO types, spinal orthoses, and clinical applications
- OsteomalaciaAdult vitamin D deficiency bone disease causing defective mineralization, with orthopaedic manifestations including pathological fractures and bone pain
- OsteoporosisComprehensive guide to osteoporosis including diagnosis, DEXA interpretation, FRAX risk assessment, and pharmacological management.
- Prosthetic Limb ComponentsComprehensive guide to prosthetic limb components - socket types (PTB, TSB, quadrilateral, ischial containment), suspension systems, knee units (single-axis, polycentric, microprocessor), prosthetic feet (SACH, dynamic response), upper limb prosthetics, K-levels for orthopaedic exam
- Pseudogout and CPPD DiseaseComprehensive guide to calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease - crystal identification, acute pseudogout attacks, chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy, and orthopaedic management for fellowship exam preparation
- Pyomyositis (Tropical Pyomyositis)Fellowship-level guide to pyomyositis - a primary bacterial infection of skeletal muscle with intramuscular abscess formation, classically tropical and paediatric but increasingly seen in temperate climates and adults, most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA) - covering the three clinical stages (invasive, suppurative, late/septic), the central role of MRI in diagnosis, and management by antibiotics plus drainage/debridement of the abscess, with awareness of progression to osteomyelitis and sepsis.
- Reactive Arthritis (Reiter Syndrome)Comprehensive guide to reactive arthritis - post-infectious seronegative spondyloarthropathy, urethritis-arthritis-conjunctivitis triad, HLA-B27 association, and orthopaedic management for fellowship exam preparation
- Renal OsteodystrophyComprehensive guide to renal osteodystrophy in chronic kidney disease - pathophysiology, bone disease spectrum, rugger jersey spine, fracture risk, medical and surgical management for orthopaedic fellowship exams
- RicketsChildhood vitamin D deficiency causing defective endochondral ossification, with skeletal deformities and growth disturbance
- SAPHO SyndromeSynovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis — the sterile autoinflammatory bone disease that mimics infection and tumour, its anterior chest wall signature, imaging, and medical management ladder.
- Stainless SteelComprehensive guide to stainless steel biomaterials - 316L composition, properties and orthopaedic applications
- TantalumComprehensive guide to tantalum biomaterials - trabecular metal, porous structure and clinical applications
- Taylor Spatial FrameComprehensive guide to the Taylor Spatial Frame hexapod system for multiplanar deformity correction - Stewart platform kinematics, mounting parameters, software planning, and clinical applications for fellowship exam preparation
- Venous ThromboembolismVenous thromboembolism in orthopaedic practice - Virchow's triad, risk stratification (Caprini, NICE), prophylaxis protocols (mechanical vs chemical), LMWH vs DOACs vs aspirin, PE diagnosis and management, post-thrombotic syndrome, and clinical practice guidelines
- Vitamin D DeficiencyComprehensive guide to vitamin D deficiency - pathophysiology, skeletal manifestations, rickets, osteomalacia, diagnosis, replacement protocols for orthopaedic fellowship exams