Contents & index
The whole topic library on one page — read it like the front of a textbook, or jump straight to a term the way you would use the index at the back.
- Topics
- 1,289
- Parts
- 10
- Chapters
- 117
every page, listed
subspecialty divisions
clinical groupings
Part I
Trauma
185 entriesFracture and dislocation management by region, from resuscitation through to nonunion.
1.1Principles, Resuscitation & Decision Rules22
- AO/OTA Fracture ClassificationA
- ATLS Primary Survey and Trauma ResuscitationA
- Blast Injuries of the ExtremityA
- Brodie AbscessA
- Canadian C-Spine RuleA
- Crush SyndromeA
- Damage Control OrthopaedicsA
- Fat Embolism SyndromeA
- Flail Chest / Chest Wall Trauma (Orthopaedic Relevance)B
- Gas Gangrene (Clostridial Myonecrosis)B
- Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) for Fracture HealingC
- Mangled Extremity and Limb Salvage Decision-MakingA
- Morel-Lavallee LesionA
- Open Fracture Classification and ManagementB
- Orthopaedic Gunshot Wounds and BallisticsA
- Ottawa Ankle and Foot RulesA
- Ottawa Knee RulesA
- Pittsburgh Knee RulesA
- Polytrauma ManagementB
- RhabdomyolysisB
- Tetanus ProphylaxisB
- Vascular Injury With Fracture or DislocationA
1.2Nonunion, Malunion & Compartment Syndrome19
- Acute Compartment SyndromeA
- Acute Compartment Syndrome of the LegA
- Compartments of the LegA
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)B
- Femoral Neck Fracture NonunionB
- Foot Compartment SyndromeA
- Forearm Compartment SyndromeA
- Heterotopic OssificationA
- Humeral Shaft NonunionB
- Malunion, Delayed Union and NonunionA
- Myositis OssificansB
- Nonunion ManagementB
- Proximal Humerus Nonunion & MalunionB
- Region-Specific Compartment SyndromeA
- Scaphoid NonunionA
- SNAC WristA
- Tibial MalunionB
- Tibial NonunionB
- Volkmann's Ischemic ContractureB
1.3Spine Trauma11
1.4Pelvis, Acetabulum & Sacrum14
- Acetabular FracturesA
- Anteroposterior Compression (APC) Pelvic InjuriesA
- Both Column Acetabular FracturesA
- Coccyx FracturesC
- Crescent Fracture (SI Joint Fracture-Dislocation, Day Classification)B
- Iliac Wing FracturesB
- Lateral Compression Pelvic InjuriesA
- Open Book Pelvic InjuriesA
- Pelvic Avulsion FracturesB
- Pelvic Ring InjuriesA
- Pubic Rami FracturesB
- Sacral FracturesA
- Spinopelvic / Lumbosacral Dissociation (U-shaped Sacral Fracture)B
- Vertical Shear (VS) Pelvic InjuriesA
1.5Shoulder Girdle & Humerus16
- Acromioclavicular Joint InjuriesA
- Clavicle FracturesA
- Floating Shoulder InjuriesB
- Glenoid FracturesB
- Greater Tuberosity FracturesA
- Humeral Head FracturesB
- Humeral Shaft FracturesA
- Lesser Tuberosity FracturesB
- Luxatio Erecta (Inferior Glenohumeral Dislocation)B
- Pathological Fractures (Humerus)B
- Periprosthetic Fractures of Shoulder & Elbow ArthroplastyB
- Proximal Humerus FracturesA
- Scapula FracturesA
- Scapulothoracic DissociationA
- Shoulder DislocationsA
- Shoulder Fracture-DislocationsB
1.6Elbow & Forearm21
- Both-Bone Forearm FracturesA
- Capitellum FracturesA
- Coronoid FracturesA
- Distal Humerus FracturesA
- Elbow DislocationsA
- Elbow Stiffness & Contracture (Post-traumatic Arthrofibrosis)A
- Elbow Transcondylar FracturesB
- Essex-Lopresti InjuriesA
- Floating ElbowB
- Forearm Shaft Fracture (Adult)A
- Galeazzi FracturesA
- Intercondylar Fractures of the Distal HumerusA
- Isolated Radius FracturesB
- Isolated Ulna Fractures (Nightstick Fractures)B
- Monteggia and Galeazzi FracturesB
- Monteggia FracturesB
- Olecranon FracturesA
- Radial Head DislocationsB
- Radial Head FracturesA
- Terrible Triad of the ElbowA
- Trochlea FracturesB
1.7Wrist & Hand23
- Barton's FracturesA
- Bennett's FracturesA
- Capitate FracturesA
- Chauffeur's FracturesA
- Die-Punch FracturesA
- Distal Radius FracturesA
- Finger DislocationsB
- Hamate FracturesA
- Lunate and Perilunate DislocationsA
- Lunate FracturesA
- Lunotriquetral InstabilityB
- Perilunate Injuries and Carpal DislocationsA
- Phalangeal FracturesA
- Pisiform FracturesA
- Rolando's FracturesA
- Scaphoid FracturesA
- Scapholunate DissociationA
- Smith's FracturesA
- Thumb Base FracturesB
- Thumb UCL Injuries (Gamekeeper's/Skier's Thumb)A
- Trapezium FracturesA
- Trapezoid FracturesC
- Triquetral FracturesA
1.8Hip & Femur14
- Atypical Femoral FracturesA
- Basicervical FracturesB
- Distal Femur FracturesA
- Femoral Head FracturesA
- Femoral Shaft FracturesA
- Hip DislocationsA
- Hip Fracture-DislocationsB
- Hoffa FracturesA
- Intertrochanteric FracturesA
- Neck of Femur FractureA
- Pathological Fractures - FemurB
- Periprosthetic Hip FractureB
- Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)A
- Subtrochanteric FracturesA
1.9Knee & Tibia16
- Extensor Mechanism RupturesB
- Fibular Shaft FracturesB
- Floating Knee InjuryB
- Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (Shin Splints)A
- Multi-Ligament Knee InjuriesA
- Open Tibial FracturesA
- Patella FracturesA
- PCL Avulsion FracturesB
- Proximal Tibiofibular Joint DislocationsB
- Segond FracturesB
- Tibial Plateau FracturesA
- Tibial Shaft FracturesA
- Tibial Spine FracturesB
- Tibial Stress FracturesA
- Tibial Tubercle FracturesA
- Toddler's FractureA
1.10Ankle & Foot23
- Ankle DislocationsB
- Ankle FracturesA
- Anterior Process Calcaneus FracturesB
- Bohler and Gissane AnglesA
- Bosworth Fracture-DislocationsB
- Calcaneal Tuberosity FracturesB
- Chopart InjuriesB
- Cuboid FracturesB
- Cuneiform FracturesB
- Jones FracturesA
- Lateral Process Talus FracturesB
- Maisonneuve FracturesA
- Metatarsal FracturesB
- Metatarsal Stress FracturesA
- Navicular FracturesA
- Phalangeal Fractures FootB
- Pilon FracturesB
- Posterior Process Talus FracturesB
- Pseudo-Jones Fractures (Fifth Metatarsal Tuberosity Avulsion)A
- Subtalar DislocationsA
- Sustentaculum Tali FracturesB
- Talar Body FracturesB
- Total Talar DislocationB
1.11Paediatric Fractures4
1.12Further Trauma Topics2
Part II
Basic Science
163 entriesThe science the exam assumes: bone and soft-tissue biology, biomechanics, materials, and research method.
2.1Bone Biology, Healing & Growth14
- Bone Composition and StructureA
- Bone Healing and Fracture BiologyA
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs)A
- Bone RemodelingA
- Bone Signaling Pathways (Wnt, RANK-RANKL-OPG, BMP/TGF-β, Hedgehog, Notch)A
- Distraction OsteogenesisB
- Electrical Stimulation and Bone Healing (Direct/Capacitive/Inductive Coupling)B
- Fracture HealingB
- Growth Factors in Bone HealingA
- Ossification: Intramembranous and EndochondralB
- Osteoblasts and Bone FormationA
- Osteoclasts and Bone ResorptionB
- Osteocytes and MechanotransductionB
- Physis (Growth Plate): Anatomy & PhysiologyA
2.2Cartilage, Tendon, Ligament, Muscle & Nerve17
- Articular Cartilage Structure and FunctionA
- Cartilage Healing and RepairB
- Chondrocyte Metabolism and Cartilage HomeostasisB
- Intervertebral Disc BiologyB
- Ligament BiologyA
- Ligament HealingB
- Meniscus Structure and FunctionB
- Muscle Injury and HealingA
- Muscle PhysiologyB
- Nerve Anatomy and PhysiologyA
- Nerve Injury and RegenerationA
- Proteoglycans and Collagen in Connective TissueA
- Spinal Cord & Vertebral Column Vascular Anatomy (Artery of Adamkiewicz)B
- Synovial Fluid and SynoviumA
- Tendon HealingA
- Tendon Structure and CompositionA
- Tendon-Bone Interface (Enthesis)B
2.3Biomechanics18
- Bending Moment Distribution in Fracture FixationA
- Corrosion Mechanisms in Orthopaedic ImplantsA
- Fatigue Failure in BiomaterialsB
- Foot Anatomy and Biomechanics (Arch, Windlass Mechanism, Gait Cycle)B
- Gait Cycle AnalysisB
- Hip Joint BiomechanicsA
- Implant and Fracture BiomechanicsA
- Joint Reaction ForcesA
- Knee BiomechanicsA
- Moment Arms and Levers in Musculoskeletal BiomechanicsA
- Screw BiomechanicsA
- Shoulder BiomechanicsA
- Spinal BiomechanicsA
- Stress ConcentrationB
- Stress, Strain, and Elastic ModulusB
- Tribology and Wear in Orthopaedic ImplantsA
- ViscoelasticityB
- Wear Mechanisms in Orthopaedic ImplantsB
2.4Biomaterials & Implants11
- Bioabsorbable & Magnesium (Biodegradable Metal) ImplantsC
- Bioabsorbable MaterialsB
- Calcium Phosphate CementsB
- Ceramic Bearing Surfaces in ArthroplastyA
- Cobalt Chrome AlloysB
- Composite Materials and PEEK in OrthopaedicsB
- Highly Crosslinked & Vitamin-E Polyethylene (Advanced Bearings)B
- OsseointegrationA
- PMMA Bone CementB
- Polyethylene in Arthroplasty: UHMWPE and XLPEA
- Titanium AlloysB
2.5Cell & Molecular Biology, Genetics8
- Apoptosis and Cell Death in OrthopaedicsB
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Basics for OrthopaedicsA
- Epigenetics in Musculoskeletal DiseaseC
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering in OrthopaedicsB
- Genetics & Modes of Inheritance in OrthopaedicsA
- Immunology in Orthopaedics (Innate, Adaptive, HLA & Transplant Immunology)B
- Inflammation & Cytokines in Orthopaedics (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6)A
- Stem Cells & Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in OrthopaedicsA
2.6Metabolic Bone Disease15
- Calcium HomeostasisA
- Dysbaric Osteonecrosis (Caisson Disease)B
- Glucocorticoid-Induced & Secondary OsteoporosisA
- Haemochromatosis ArthropathyA
- HyperparathyroidismB
- HypoparathyroidismB
- HypophosphatasiaB
- Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ)A
- Ochronosis (Alkaptonuria Arthropathy)B
- Paget's Disease of BoneB
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism (Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy)B
- Sclerosing Bone Dysplasias (Osteopetrosis, Pycnodysostosis, Osteopathia Striata, Sclerosteosis/Van Buchem)C
- Skeletal Fluorosis & Other Toxic Osteopathies (Hypervitaminosis A/D, Aluminium Bone Disease)C
- Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip / Regional Migratory OsteoporosisB
- X-Linked Hypophosphataemic / Oncogenic (Tumour-Induced) OsteomalaciaB
2.7Orthopaedic Pharmacology & Thromboprophylaxis11
2.8Infection & Microbiology12
- Biofilm Formation in Orthopaedic InfectionsA
- Common Pathogens in Orthopaedic InfectionsA
- HIV and the Musculoskeletal SystemA
- Local Antibiotic Delivery SystemsA
- Needlestick and Sharps InjuryA
- Orthopaedic Antibiotic TherapyA
- OsteomyelitisA
- Perioperative Antibiotic ProphylaxisA
- Septic ArthritisA
- Septic Bursitis (Olecranon / Prepatellar)B
- Surgical Site Infection Prevention (Perioperative)A
- Tuberculous Arthritis (Peripheral Joint TB)B
2.9Rheumatology & Systemic Disease13
- Adult-Onset Still's DiseaseC
- Calcific Periarthritis & Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (HADD)C
- Dermatomyositis & Polymyositis (Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies)C
- Dialysis-Related Amyloid Arthropathy (Beta-2 Microglobulin)C
- Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy (incl. Pachydermoperiostosis)B
- Osteoarthritis PathophysiologyB
- Relapsing PolychondritisC
- Sarcoidosis - Musculoskeletal ManifestationsC
- Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy (Overview)A
- Sjogren Syndrome - Musculoskeletal ManifestationsC
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - MusculoskeletalA
- Systemic Sclerosis / Scleroderma - MusculoskeletalB
- Vasculitides (Polyarteritis Nodosa / GPA) - Orthopaedic RelevanceC
2.10Perioperative Care & Anaesthesia21
- Blood Management StrategiesA
- Deep Vein ThrombosisA
- Delirium PreventionA
- Electrosurgery, Diathermy & Surgical Energy DevicesC
- Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) ProtocolsA
- General Anaesthesia for Orthopaedic SurgeryA
- Iatrogenic Nerve Injury & Positioning Injuries in Orthopaedic SurgeryB
- Malignant HyperthermiaA
- Multimodal AnalgesiaA
- Orthopaedic Surgical InstrumentsA
- Outpatient / Same-Day / Rapid-Recovery ArthroplastyB
- Phantom Limb Pain and Amputation PainA
- Preoperative Medical OptimizationA
- Pulmonary EmbolismA
- Pulmonary Risk AssessmentA
- Regional Anaesthesia TechniquesA
- Smoking CessationA
- The Surgical Sieve (Clinical Reasoning Framework)A
- Tourniquet Use in Orthopaedic SurgeryA
- Wound Closure TechniquesA
- Wound HealingA
2.11Research Method, Statistics & Evidence14
- Clinical Practice GuidelinesA
- Common Statistical TestsA
- Diagnostic Test Statistics: Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV/NPV, Likelihood Ratios & ROCA
- Evidence-Based Orthopaedics and Critical AppraisalA
- Landmark TrialsA
- Levels of EvidenceA
- Measures of Effect: Odds Ratio, Relative Risk, NNT & Effect SizeA
- Outcome Measures and PROMsA
- P-Values and Confidence IntervalsA
- Reliability and Validity (Kappa, ICC, Bland-Altman)B
- Statistical Power and Sample SizeA
- Study Design TypesA
- Survival Analysis (Kaplan-Meier, Cox Regression, Implant Survivorship)B
- Type I and Type II ErrorsA
2.12Musculoskeletal Tumour Biology3
2.13Applied Anatomy6
Part III
Adult Reconstruction
110 entriesArthroplasty of every major joint, joint preservation, and the management of the failing replacement.
3.1Revision Arthroplasty5
3.2Hip Arthroplasty14
- Aseptic Loosening in Total Hip ArthroplastyA
- Dual Mobility Total Hip ArthroplastyA
- Metal-on-Metal Hip ComplicationsA
- Periprosthetic Joint Infection After THAB
- THA Heterotopic OssificationA
- THA Leg Length DiscrepancyA
- THA Neurovascular InjuryA
- THA Templating and Preoperative PlanningA
- THA Wear and OsteolysisA
- Total Hip Arthroplasty Bearing SurfacesA
- Total Hip Arthroplasty Fixation OptionsA
- Total Hip Arthroplasty IndicationsA
- Total Hip Arthroplasty: DislocationA
- Trunnionosis and Taper CorrosionB
3.3Knee Arthroplasty15
- TKA Alignment OptionsA
- TKA Aseptic LooseningB
- TKA Balancing, Gaps and InstabilityA
- TKA Complications: InstabilityA
- TKA Cruciate Retention vs SubstitutionB
- TKA Extensor Mechanism FailureB
- TKA Implant DesignA
- TKA Neurovascular InjuryA
- TKA PATELLAR COMPLICATIONSB
- TKA Periprosthetic FracturesA
- TKA Periprosthetic Joint InfectionA
- TKA Stiffness and ArthrofibrosisA
- TKA Wound ComplicationsB
- Total Knee Arthroplasty IndicationsB
- Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA)A
3.4Shoulder & Elbow Arthroplasty12
- Avascular Necrosis of the Humeral HeadB
- Elbow ArthritisB
- Radial Head ArthroplastyB
- Reverse Total Shoulder ArthroplastyB
- Rotator Cuff ArthropathyB
- Shoulder Arthroplasty AnatomyA
- Shoulder Arthroplasty ComplicationsA
- Shoulder HemiarthroplastyA
- Shoulder OsteoarthritisB
- Total Elbow ArthroplastyA
- Total Shoulder ArthroplastyA
- Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (Anatomic)B
3.5Ankle Arthritis & Arthroplasty2
3.6Osteoarthritis & Osteonecrosis4
3.7Joint Preservation, Impingement & Osteotomy9
3.8Meniscus & Cartilage Preservation6
3.9Arthrodesis & Salvage1
3.10Periprosthetic Complications & Perioperative Planning5
3.11Applied Anatomy26
- Adductor Brevis AnatomyA
- Adductor Longus AnatomyA
- Adductor Magnus AnatomyA
- Blood Supply of the HipA
- Deep Peroneal Nerve AnatomyA
- Femoral Nerve AnatomyA
- Gastrocnemius AnatomyA
- Gluteus Medius AnatomyA
- Gracilis AnatomyA
- Iliacus AnatomyA
- Obturator Nerve AnatomyA
- Pectineus AnatomyA
- Piriformis AnatomyA
- Plantaris AnatomyB
- Popliteus AnatomyA
- Quadratus Femoris AnatomyA
- Rectus Femoris AnatomyA
- Sartorius AnatomyA
- Sciatic Nerve AnatomyA
- Semimembranosus AnatomyA
- Semitendinosus AnatomyA
- Superior Gemellus AnatomyA
- Superior Gluteal Nerve AnatomyA
- Vastus Intermedius AnatomyA
- Vastus Lateralis AnatomyA
- Vastus Medialis AnatomyA
3.12Further Reconstruction Topics11
- Acetabular Bone Loss in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: Paprosky Classification and Reconstruction LadderA
- Cement-in-Cement Revision of the Femoral StemA
- Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Failed Proximal Femoral FixationA
- Custom Triflange Acetabular Components in Revision Hip ArthroplastyA
- Femoral Bone Loss in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: Paprosky Classification and Stem SelectionA
- Femoral Impaction Bone GraftingA
- Megaprosthesis in Non-Oncologic Orthopaedic SalvageA
- Pelvic DiscontinuityA
- Psoas MajorA
- The Painful Total Knee ReplacementA
- Total Femur Replacement for Salvage ReconstructionA
Part IV
Hand & Upper Limb
180 entriesShoulder to fingertip: instability, tendon and nerve disorders, arthritis, infection, and congenital difference.
4.1Congenital Hand Difference10
4.2Hand & Wrist Infection9
4.3Shoulder Instability & Reconstruction6
4.4Shoulder: Cuff, Tendon & Periarticular Disorders14
- Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)A
- Charcot (Neuropathic) Arthropathy of the ShoulderB
- Deltoid Rupture / AvulsionC
- Inflammatory Arthritis of the ShoulderB
- Latissimus Dorsi (and Teres Major) RuptureC
- Latissimus Dorsi AnatomyA
- Massive Rotator Cuff TearsB
- Milwaukee Shoulder (BCP Crystal Arthropathy)B
- Pectoralis Major RuptureA
- Proximal Biceps RupturesB
- Shoulder (Humeral Head) Resurfacing ArthroplastyB
- Stemless / Short-Stem Shoulder ArthroplastyB
- Subcoracoid ImpingementB
- Suprascapular Nerve EntrapmentA
4.5Elbow Disorders8
- Charcot (Neuropathic) Joint of the ElbowC
- Elbow Interposition / Distraction ArthroplastyB
- Flexor-Pronator Mass Strain / TendinopathyC
- Lateral Elbow Pain: Pattern and DifferentialA
- Osteochondritis Dissecans of the CapitellumA
- Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow (PLRI)A
- Revision Total Elbow ArthroplastyB
- Valgus Extension Overload of the ElbowA
4.6Wrist Instability, Arthritis & Reconstruction19
- Carpal Boss (Carpometacarpal Boss)C
- Carpal Instability - DISI/VISIA
- DRUJ Arthritis (Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthritis)B
- Kienböck's DiseaseB
- Madelung DeformityA
- Midcarpal ArthritisB
- Midcarpal InstabilityB
- Preiser DiseaseB
- Proximal Row CarpectomyA
- Scaphoid Excision and Four-Corner FusionA
- SLAC WristA
- Snapping / Subluxing Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)B
- TFCC and Ulnar-Sided Wrist PainA
- The Six Dorsal Extensor Compartments of the WristB
- Total Wrist Arthroplasty vs Arthrodesis (Wrist OA Reconstruction)B
- Triscaphe Arthritis (STT Arthritis)B
- Ulnar Impaction SyndromeB
- Wrist ArthroplastyB
- Wrist Ligament InstabilityA
4.7Nerve Compression, Palsy & Reconstruction20
- Adult Brachial Plexus InjuryA
- Anterior Interosseous Nerve AnatomyA
- Anterior Interosseous Nerve SyndromeA
- Carpal Tunnel SyndromeA
- Cubital Tunnel SyndromeB
- Digital Nerve CompressionB
- Meralgia ParaestheticaB
- Nerve Repair PrinciplesA
- Nerve TransfersA
- Neuroma ManagementA
- Parsonage-Turner Syndrome (Neuralgic Amyotrophy)B
- Posterior Interosseous Nerve AnatomyA
- Posterior Interosseous SyndromeA
- Pronator SyndromeB
- Radial Tunnel SyndromeB
- Recurrent & Revision Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (and Endoscopic Release)B
- Thoracic Outlet SyndromeA
- Ulnar Nerve PalsyA
- Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome (Guyon's Canal)A
- Wartenberg's SyndromeB
4.8Tendon Injury & Finger Deformity21
- Boutonniere DeformityA
- Central Slip InjuriesB
- De Quervain TenosynovitisA
- Dupuytren's DiseaseB
- Extensor Pollicis Longus RuptureA
- Extensor Tendon InjuriesB
- Fingertip Injuries & AmputationsA
- Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) TendinitisC
- Flexor Tendon LacerationsB
- Flexor Tendon RehabilitationB
- Flexor Tendon Repair TechniquesA
- Intersection SyndromeB
- Jersey FingerA
- Mallet FingerA
- Quadriga Effect & Lumbrical-Plus FingerB
- Ring Avulsion InjuryB
- Sagittal Band InjuriesB
- Swan Neck DeformityA
- The Intrinsic Hand: Intrinsic-Minus (Claw) and Intrinsic-Plus DeformityB
- Trigger Finger (Stenosing Tenosynovitis)B
- Trigger Thumb (Pediatric)A
4.9Metacarpal & Phalangeal Fractures1
4.10Hand & Thumb Arthritis7
4.11Inflammatory, Vascular & Regional Pain8
4.12Tumours, Cysts & Reconstruction5
4.13Applied Anatomy & Examination39
- Adductor Pollicis AnatomyA
- Anconeus AnatomyA
- Axillary Nerve AnatomyA
- Blood Supply of the ForearmA
- Brachial Plexus AnatomyA
- Brachialis AnatomyA
- Brachioradialis AnatomyA
- Coracobrachialis AnatomyA
- Flexor Carpi Radialis AnatomyA
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris AnatomyA
- Flexor Digitorum Profundus AnatomyA
- Flexor Digitorum Superficialis AnatomyA
- Flexor Pollicis Brevis AnatomyA
- Flexor Pollicis Longus AnatomyA
- Hand Examination and Clinical LocalisationA
- Infraspinatus AnatomyA
- Levator Scapulae AnatomyA
- Long Thoracic Nerve AnatomyA
- Median Nerve AnatomyA
- Musculocutaneous Nerve AnatomyA
- Opponens Digiti Minimi AnatomyA
- Opponens Pollicis AnatomyA
- Palmaris Brevis AnatomyA
- Palmaris Longus AnatomyA
- Pectoralis Major AnatomyA
- Pectoralis Minor AnatomyA
- Pronator Quadratus AnatomyA
- Pronator Teres AnatomyA
- Quadrangular & Triangular SpacesA
- Radial Nerve AnatomyA
- Subscapularis AnatomyA
- Superficial Radial Nerve AnatomyA
- Supinator AnatomyA
- Supraspinatus AnatomyA
- Teres Major AnatomyA
- Teres Minor AnatomyA
- Trapezius AnatomyA
- Triceps Brachii AnatomyA
- Ulnar Nerve AnatomyA
4.14Further Upper Limb Topics13
Part V
Paediatrics
152 entriesThe growing skeleton: hip, spine, foot, deformity, dysplasia, infection, and physeal trauma.
5.1Paediatric Hip10
- Chondrolysis of the Hip (Idiopathic and Post-SCFE)B
- Coxa VaraB
- DDH Treatment OptionsB
- Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)A
- Herring Lateral Pillar Classification of PerthesA
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes DiseaseA
- Paediatric Femoral Neck FracturesA
- Proximal Femoral Focal DeficiencyB
- Septic Arthritis of the Pediatric HipB
- Transient SynovitisB
5.2Spine & Scoliosis17
- Adolescent Idiopathic ScoliosisA
- Atlantoaxial InstabilityA
- Caudal Regression Syndrome (Sacral Agenesis)B
- Congenital KyphosisB
- Congenital ScoliosisA
- Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS)B
- Infantile Idiopathic ScoliosisB
- Juvenile Idiopathic ScoliosisB
- Klippel-Feil SyndromeA
- MyelomeningoceleA
- Neuromuscular ScoliosisA
- Pediatric SpondylolysisA
- Scheuermann KyphosisA
- SCIWORAA
- Spina BifidaB
- Torticollis in ChildrenA
- VEPTR and Growing Rods for Early-Onset ScoliosisA
5.3Paediatric Foot19
- Accessory NavicularB
- Calcaneovalgus FootB
- Cavus Foot (Pediatric)A
- Clubfoot (Congenital Talipes Equinovarus)A
- Congenital Vertical TalusB
- Curly ToesA
- Flexible Flatfoot (Pediatric)A
- Idiopathic Toe WalkingB
- Iselin Disease (Fifth Metatarsal Apophysitis)B
- Juvenile Hallux ValgusB
- Kohler Disease (Navicular Osteochondrosis)C
- Metatarsus AdductusB
- Oblique TalusB
- Polydactyly of the FootB
- Rigid FlatfootB
- Sever's Disease (Calcaneal Apophysitis)A
- SkewfootB
- Spastic Equinovarus Foot (Cerebral Palsy)A
- Tarsal CoalitionB
5.4Lower Limb Alignment & Deficiency11
- Blount Disease (Tibia Vara)A
- Congenital Lower Limb Deficiency OverviewA
- Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the TibiaA
- Fibular HemimeliaB
- Genu Valgum and Genu Varum in ChildrenA
- Guided Growth and Angular Deformity CorrectionA
- Limb Length Discrepancy and EpiphysiodesisA
- Paediatric Rotational Profile and In-toeing/Out-toeingA
- Posteromedial Bow of TibiaB
- Tibial HemimeliaB
- Windswept Deformity (CP / Rickets)C
5.5Paediatric Knee & Sports7
5.6Physeal Injury & Paediatric Trauma22
- Cozen FractureA
- Distal Femoral Physeal InjuriesB
- Distal Tibial Physeal InjuriesB
- Medial Epicondyle Fractures in ChildrenA
- Metaphyseal ChondrodysplasiaA
- Monteggia Fractures in ChildrenA
- Multiple Epiphyseal DysplasiaA
- Non-Accidental InjuryB
- Paediatric Ankle Fractures and Transitional InjuriesA
- Paediatric Bone and Joint InfectionA
- Paediatric Distal Radius, Buckle and Physeal Wrist FracturesA
- Paediatric Elbow Radiology and AssessmentA
- Paediatric Femur Fractures by AgeA
- Paediatric Radial Neck, Olecranon and Elbow Dislocation InjuriesA
- Pediatric Acute OsteomyelitisB
- Pediatric Patella Sleeve FracturesB
- Pediatric Psoas AbscessB
- Physeal Injuries (Salter-Harris Classification)B
- Proximal Tibial Physeal InjuriesB
- Seymour Fracture and Paediatric Nail-bed InjuriesA
- Supracondylar Humerus FractureB
- Transitional Fractures: Tillaux and TriplaneA
5.7Bone & Joint Infection3
5.8Neuromuscular Disorders13
- ArthrogryposisB
- Brachial Plexus Birth PalsyA
- Cerebral PalsyA
- Cerebral Palsy Gait and SEMLSA
- Cerebral Palsy Hip SurveillanceA
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth DiseaseB
- Duchenne Muscular DystrophyA
- Friedreich AtaxiaB
- Hereditary Motor Sensory NeuropathiesA
- Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia / Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (Orthopaedic Sequelae)C
- Rett SyndromeB
- Spinal Muscular AtrophyB
- Wheelchair Seating and PositioningC
5.9Skeletal Dysplasias & Syndromes34
- AchondroplasiaB
- Apert SyndromeB
- Beckwith-Wiedemann SyndromeC
- Bladder Exstrophy (Pelvic Manifestations)B
- Caffey DiseaseC
- Camptomelic DysplasiaC
- Camurati-Engelmann DiseaseC
- Chondrodysplasia PunctataC
- Congenital Constriction Bands (Amniotic Band Syndrome)A
- Congenital Hand Anomalies OverviewA
- Diastrophic DysplasiaA
- Down Syndrome OrthopaedicB
- Ehlers-Danlos SyndromeB
- Familial Dysautonomia (Riley-Day) - Orthopaedic FeaturesC
- Hemihypertrophy (Hemihyperplasia)B
- HypochondroplasiaC
- Marfan SyndromeB
- McCune-Albright SyndromeB
- Metatropic Dysplasia, Jeune (Asphyxiating Thoracic) & Ellis-van CreveldC
- MucopolysaccharidosesA
- Multiple Hereditary ExostosesB
- Nail-Patella SyndromeC
- NeurofibromatosisB
- Osteogenesis ImperfectaB
- OsteopetrosisB
- Prader-Willi Syndrome (Orthopaedic Manifestations)C
- Pterygium Syndromes / Congenital Popliteal WebbingC
- PyknodysostosisC
- Radial Longitudinal DeficiencyA
- Radioulnar SynostosisB
- Skeletal DysplasiasA
- Stickler SyndromeC
- Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius (TAR) SyndromeB
- Turner Syndrome (Orthopaedic Manifestations)C
5.10Haematological, Metabolic & Neoplastic6
5.11Amputee Management1
5.12Further Paediatric Topics9
Part VI
Spine
85 entriesDegenerative, deformity, trauma, infection, and tumour across the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine.
6.1Craniocervical & Upper Cervical11
- Atlanto-Occipital DislocationA
- Atlantoaxial (C1-C2) FusionA
- Atlantoaxial ArthritisB
- Atlantoaxial Rotatory SubluxationA
- Basilar InvaginationA
- Chiari Malformation (Orthopaedic Relevance)A
- Hangman's FractureA
- Jefferson FractureA
- Occipitocervical / Craniocervical Junction InstabilityA
- Pseudosubluxation of the Cervical Spine (Paediatric)B
- Torg-Pavlov Ratio for Cervical StenosisA
6.2Cervical Degenerative Disease & Myelopathy10
6.3Lumbar Degenerative Disease22
- Baastrup Disease (Kissing Spine Syndrome)B
- Bertolotti Syndrome (Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra)B
- CoccydyniaA
- Degenerative Disc DiseaseA
- Degenerative SpondylolisthesisA
- Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)B
- Discogenic Back PainA
- Facet ArthropathyB
- Isthmic SpondylolisthesisA
- Low Back Pain: Assessment & Non-operative Management (Overview)A
- Lumbar Disc Arthroplasty (Total Disc Replacement)B
- Lumbar Disc HerniationA
- Lumbar Fusion TechniquesA
- Lumbar InstabilityA
- Lumbar LaminectomyA
- Lumbar MicrodiscectomyA
- Lumbar RadiculopathyA
- Lumbar Spinal StenosisA
- Sacroiliac Joint DysfunctionB
- SpondylolisthesisA
- Synovial Cysts (Spine)B
- Thoracic Disc HerniationA
6.4Deformity & Sagittal Balance8
6.5Trauma & Classification4
6.6Infection6
6.7Tumours6
6.8Neurological Syndromes & Applied Anatomy7
6.9Surgical Technique & Complications8
- Adjacent Segment DiseaseA
- Blood Loss Management in Spine SurgeryB
- Failed Back Surgery SyndromeA
- Navigation & Robotics in Spine SurgeryB
- Pseudarthrosis of the SpineA
- Rod Fractures in Spinal InstrumentationB
- Spinal Cord Monitoring (Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: SSEP, MEP, EMG, Wake-up Test)A
- Vertebroplasty and KyphoplastyA
6.10Inflammatory Spondyloarthropathy1
6.11Further Spine Topics2
Part VII
Sports Medicine
98 entriesAthletic injury of the knee, shoulder, hip and ankle, plus the medical care of the athlete.
7.1Knee: Ligament & Meniscus15
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesA
- Anterolateral Ligament Injury & Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis (LET)B
- Baker's Cyst (Popliteal Cyst)A
- Knee ArthrofibrosisB
- Knee Dislocation ManagementA
- Knee Plica Syndrome (Synovial Plicae)B
- Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) InjuriesA
- Medial Collateral Ligament InjuriesA
- Meniscal Ramp LesionsB
- Meniscus TearsA
- Pellegrini-Stieda LesionA
- Pes Anserine BursitisB
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesA
- Posterolateral Corner InjuriesA
- Semimembranosus TendinopathyC
7.2Knee: Cartilage & Osteochondral2
7.3Patellofemoral Disorders11
- Bipartite PatellaB
- Idiopathic Chondromalacia PatellaeB
- Lateral Patellar Compression Syndrome (Excessive Lateral Pressure Syndrome)B
- Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) InjuryA
- Patellar Height Abnormalities (Patella Alta and Baja)A
- Patellar TendinitisA
- Patellar Tendon RuptureB
- Patellofemoral InstabilityA
- Prepatellar Bursitis (Housemaid's Knee)B
- Quadriceps TendinitisA
- Quadriceps Tendon RuptureB
7.4Shoulder Instability8
7.5Rotator Cuff & Impingement17
- AC Joint Injuries in AthletesA
- Calcific Tendinitis of the ShoulderA
- Distal Clavicle OsteolysisA
- External Impingement of the ShoulderB
- Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)A
- Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD)A
- Internal Impingement of the ShoulderA
- Little League ShoulderA
- Long Head of Biceps Tendon PathologyA
- Os AcromialeB
- Phases of Throwing / Throwing BiomechanicsB
- Rotator Cuff TearsA
- SCAPULAR DYSKINESISB
- Scapular WingingA
- Snapping Scapula SyndromeB
- Subacromial Impingement SyndromeA
- Subscapularis TearsB
7.6Elbow7
7.7Hip & Groin13
- Adductor Strain / Groin StrainB
- Athletic Groin Pain (Sports Hernia/Athletic Pubalgia)A
- Athletic Pubalgia (Sports Hernia)A
- Gluteal Tendon Tears (Hip Abductor Tears)B
- Greater Trochanteric Pain SyndromeB
- Hamstring InjuriesA
- Hip ArthroscopyA
- Hip Flexor StrainsB
- Hip Pointer InjuriesA
- Osteitis Pubis (Pubic Symphysis Stress)B
- Proximal Hamstring AvulsionA
- Proximal Hamstring InjuriesB
- Snapping Hip SyndromeB
7.8Ankle & Foot6
7.9Muscle Injury & Stress Fracture7
7.10Nerve & Vascular Syndromes4
7.11The Athlete: Medical Care & Return to Sport6
7.12Further Sports Topics2
Part VIII
Foot & Ankle
86 entriesForefoot deformity, hindfoot arthritis, tendon and nerve disorders, and the diabetic foot.
8.1Forefoot Deformity14
- Brachymetatarsia / Congenital Short MetatarsalB
- Bunionette Deformity (Tailor's Bunion)B
- Claw ToesB
- Congenital Cleft Foot & Overlapping/Underlapping Fifth ToeB
- Crossover Toe DeformityB
- Hallux RigidusB
- Hallux ValgusA
- Hallux VarusB
- Hammer ToesB
- Keller Resection ArthroplastyB
- Lesser Toe DeformitiesB
- MetatarsalgiaA
- Plantar Plate Insufficiency & Lesser MTP InstabilityA
- Sesamoid Disorders of the FootB
8.2Midfoot & Hindfoot Arthritis7
8.3Fracture & Osteonecrosis3
8.4Flatfoot & Cavovarus Deformity5
8.5Tendon Disorders10
- Accessory Soleus MuscleB
- Achilles Tendon RuptureA
- Anterior Tibial Tendon RuptureB
- Extensor Tendon Injuries - Foot and AnkleB
- Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) TendinitisB
- Haglund Syndrome and Insertional Achilles TendinopathyA
- Peroneal Tendon DisordersB
- Peroneal Tendon Subluxation and DislocationB
- Peroneal Tendon TearsA
- Retrocalcaneal BursitisB
8.6Ankle Instability & Impingement11
8.7Nerve Entrapment4
8.8Diabetic & Neuropathic Foot4
8.9Skin, Nail & Soft Tissue8
- Foot Puncture WoundsB
- Keratotic Disorders of the Plantar Skin (Corns, Calluses, IPK)B
- Onychocryptosis (Ingrown Toenail) and Toenail DisordersB
- Painful Accessory Ossicles of the Foot (Os Peroneum & Os Vesalianum)B
- Plantar Fasciitis ManagementA
- Plantar Fibromatosis (Ledderhose Disease)A
- Subungual Exostosis & Subungual TumoursB
- The Rheumatoid Foot and AnkleA
8.10Amputation, Orthotics & Applied Anatomy17
- Adductor Hallucis AnatomyA
- Common, Superficial & Deep Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve AnatomyA
- Flexor Digitorum Brevis AnatomyA
- Flexor Digitorum Longus AnatomyA
- Flexor Hallucis Brevis AnatomyA
- Flexor Hallucis Longus AnatomyA
- Foot & Ankle Orthotics, Bracing and AFOsB
- Peroneus Brevis AnatomyA
- Peroneus Longus AnatomyA
- Peroneus Tertius AnatomyB
- Plantar Interossei AnatomyA
- Quadratus Plantae AnatomyA
- Soleus AnatomyA
- Superficial Peroneal Nerve AnatomyA
- Tibial Nerve AnatomyA
- Tibialis Anterior AnatomyA
- Tibialis Posterior AnatomyA
8.11Further Foot & Ankle Topics3
Part IX
Oncology
61 entriesBone and soft-tissue tumours: diagnosis, staging, and limb salvage.
9.1Benign Bone Tumours12
9.2Malignant Bone Tumours6
9.3Tumour-like & Cystic Lesions8
9.4Soft Tissue Tumours15
- AngiosarcomaA
- Clear Cell SarcomaA
- Desmoid Tumor (Aggressive Fibromatosis)A
- Epithelioid SarcomaA
- Hemangioma (Soft Tissue)A
- Intramuscular MyxomaB
- Leiomyosarcoma of Soft TissueA
- LipomaB
- LiposarcomaA
- Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST)A
- NeurofibromaB
- RhabdomyosarcomaA
- Schwannoma (Neurilemmoma)A
- Synovial SarcomaA
- Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (MFH)A
9.5Metastatic & Pathological Fracture3
9.6Staging, Biopsy & Limb Salvage5
9.7Further Oncology Topics12
- Allograft-Prosthetic Composite (APC) ReconstructionA
- Calcifying Aponeurotic FibromaA
- Clear Cell ChondrosarcomaA
- Dedifferentiated ChondrosarcomaA
- Free Vascularised Fibula TransferA
- Hip Disarticulation & Forequarter AmputationA
- Internal Hemipelvectomy and Pelvic ReconstructionA
- Mesenchymal ChondrosarcomaA
- Parosteal OsteosarcomaA
- Periosteal OsteosarcomaA
- Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumour and Tumour-Induced OsteomalaciaA
- Sacrectomy for Primary Sacral TumoursA
Part X
General
169 entriesCross-cutting material: imaging, infection, metabolic bone disease, deformity correction, ethics and safety.
10.1Imaging & Radiology44
- 3D Printing from Imaging: Surgical PlanningC
- AI in Orthopaedic RadiologyC
- Ankle & Foot Imaging: Systematic InterpretationA
- Arthrography TechniquesA
- Arthroplasty Imaging: Assessment & ComplicationsA
- Bone Scan InterpretationA
- Classic Radiological Signs: ArthritisA
- Contrast Agents and SafetyA
- CT Imaging PrinciplesA
- CT Physics, Radiation Dose & Hounsfield UnitsC
- DEXA Bone DensitometryA
- Fluoroscopy PrinciplesA
- Imaging in Pregnancy: Safety and Decision-MakingA
- Imaging Musculoskeletal InfectionA
- Imaging the ElbowA
- Imaging the KneeA
- Imaging the Pelvis and HipA
- Imaging the ShoulderA
- Imaging the SpineA
- Labelled White Cell Scanning for InfectionB
- Metabolic Bone Disease: Imaging FeaturesA
- MRI Bone Marrow SignalA
- MRI Cartilage AssessmentA
- MRI Contraindications and ImplantsA
- MRI Imaging PrinciplesA
- MRI Metal Artefact Reduction (MARS)B
- MRI Neurography: Peripheral Nerve ImagingB
- MRI SequencesA
- MRI Soft Tissue InterpretationA
- Nuclear MedicineA
- Paediatric Imaging PrinciplesA
- PET-CT in Orthopaedic OncologyB
- Plain Radiography PrinciplesA
- Radiation SafetyA
- Radiological Signs in Bone TumoursA
- Radiological Signs in Paediatric OrthopaedicsA
- Radiological Signs in TraumaA
- SPECT-CT ApplicationsA
- Trauma ImagingA
- Tumour Imaging: ABCDS ApproachA
- Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal PracticeA
- Ultrasound Physics (Principles, Transducers, Doppler & Artefacts)C
- Weight-Bearing CT: Principles & ApplicationsB
- Wrist & Hand Imaging: Systematic InterpretationA
10.2Musculoskeletal Infection8
10.3Metabolic Bone Disease & Osteoporosis10
10.4Crystal & Inflammatory Arthropathy3
10.5Tumours & Tumour-like Lesions27
- Alveolar Soft Part SarcomaC
- Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma of BoneC
- Benign Notochordal Cell TumourC
- Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (Nora Lesion)A
- Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP)B
- Desmoplastic Fibroma of BoneA
- Epithelioid Haemangioma & Haemangioendothelioma of BoneC
- Erdheim-Chester DiseaseC
- Extraskeletal Myxoid ChondrosarcomaC
- Extraskeletal OsteosarcomaC
- Giant Cell Reparative GranulomaC
- Granular Cell TumourC
- High-Grade Surface OsteosarcomaC
- Intraosseous GanglionC
- Leukaemic Involvement of BoneB
- Lipoma ArborescensC
- MyxofibrosarcomaB
- Nodular FasciitisB
- Non-Ossifying Fibroma (Fibrous Cortical Defect)A
- Paget's Sarcoma (Sarcomatous Transformation of Paget Disease)A
- Periosteal ChondrosarcomaC
- Radiotherapy in Musculoskeletal TumoursB
- Soft Tissue Masses and Sarcoma Referral PathwayA
- Soft-Tissue & Bone Tumours of the Foot & Ankle (Overview)B
- Solitary Plasmacytoma of BoneA
- Subungual MelanomaA
- Unicameral (Simple) Bone CystA
10.6Limb Reconstruction & Deformity Correction5
10.7Amputation, Prosthetics & Orthotics2
10.8Skeletal Dysplasias & Rare Syndromes17
- Cleidocranial DysostosisC
- Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the ClavicleB
- Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD)B
- Gymnast's Wrist (Distal Radial Physeal Stress Injury)A
- Kniest DysplasiaB
- Larsen SyndromeC
- Little League ElbowA
- Nursemaid's Elbow (Pulled Elbow / Radial Head Subluxation)A
- Paediatric Pelvis and Hip TraumaA
- Panner Disease (Capitellar Osteochondrosis)C
- Poland SyndromeA
- Poliomyelitis (Orthopaedic Sequelae)B
- PseudoachondroplasiaA
- Sprengel DeformityA
- Thiemann DiseaseB
- Transphyseal Distal Humerus Fracture (Distal Humeral Physeal Separation)A
- Trevor Disease (Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica)B
10.9Ethics, Professionalism & Medicolegal9
- Communication, Teamwork and Crew Resource ManagementB
- Conflicts of Interest and Industry RelationshipsB
- Core Bioethics Principles in Orthopaedic PracticeB
- Decision-Making Capacity, Surrogates and End-of-LifeB
- Informed Consent and Shared Decision-MakingB
- Medicolegal Principles and NegligenceB
- Professional Boundaries, Confidentiality and Social MediaB
- Research Ethics and IntegrityB
- The Impaired or Disruptive ColleagueB
10.10Patient Safety & Quality Improvement6
10.11Venous Thromboembolism1
10.12Biomaterials2
10.13Further General Topics35
- Acro-osteolysisA
- Anterior Vertebral BeakingA
- Arthritis on RadiographsA
- Bone-in-Bone VertebraA
- ChondrocalcinosisA
- Describing a Bone Tumour RadiographA
- Diaphyseal Bone LesionA
- Epiphyseal Bone LesionA
- Erlenmeyer Flask DeformityA
- Generalised OsteopeniaA
- Generalised OsteosclerosisA
- Goldenhar SyndromeA
- Hydatid Disease of Bone (Skeletal Echinococcosis)A
- Ivory Vertebra: Pattern and DifferentialA
- Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber SyndromeC
- Lucent Bone LesionA
- Lytic Lesion with a Sclerotic RimA
- Malignant Musculoskeletal Tumours - PrinciplesA
- Multiloculated (Bubbly) Bone LesionA
- Mycetoma (Madura Foot): Orthopaedic Assessment and ManagementA
- Periosteal Reaction PatternsA
- PlatyspondylyA
- Polyostotic Bone LesionsA
- Predicting Bone Tumour by AgeA
- Proteus SyndromeC
- Regional (Local) OsteopeniaA
- Russell-Silver SyndromeC
- SAPHO SyndromeA
- Schmorl NodeA
- Sclerotic Bone LesionA
- Sclerotic Cortical LesionA
- Small Round Blue Cell Tumours of BoneA
- Soft-Tissue Calcification versus OssificationA
- Spastic Hemiplegia of Cerebral PalsyC
- Vertebra PlanaA